老羊吃草- lao yang chi cao

Auszug aus dem Buch “Du stirbst nicht, du wachst nur auf” von Elizabeth April

WER SIND DIE MENSCHEN?

Warum der Mensch einzigartig und mächtig ist

Wer sind wir? Warum sind wir besonders? Das sind Fragen, die ich mir mein ganzes Leben lang gestellt habe. Glaube mir, es war eine lange Reise für mich, um die Antworten zu finden. Jahre des Hinterfragens, Jahre des Kanalisierens, Jahre der interdimensionalen Abrufe und des Nachforschens. Ich habe die Menschen immer als Hühner mit abgeschlagenen Köpfen gesehen, die nicht wissen, wer wir wirklich sind und was wir auf diesem Planeten tun. Selbst Religionen hatten keine großartige Erklärung für diese Existenz. Und doch ist dieser Planet seit Anbeginn der Menschheit ein intergalaktisches Schlachtfeld für hoch- und niedrigschwingende Wesen. Wir haben eine große Anzahl von interdimensionalen Wesen, die uns unterstützen, aber auch eine große Anzahl, die versuchen, uns zu unterdrücken. Ich habe mich immer gefragt, ob wir der einzige Planet da draußen sind, der diese Art von Interaktion erlebt, oder ob wir einzigartig sind? Lange Zeit bekam ich keine Antwort, also nahm ich einfach an, dass das alles nach intergalaktischen Standards ganz normal ist. Eines Tages gab mir die Galaktische Föderation endlich die Antwort, nach der ich gesucht hatte. Die Menschen sind in der Tat etwas Besonderes und das, was auf diesem Planeten geschieht, ist einzigartig und hier sind die Gründe...

Der Mensch ist eigentlich ein Experiment

Die erste Runde von Antworten, die ich 2012 erhielt, lautete: Die Menschen sind eigentlich ein Experiment der GFL (Galaktische Föderation des Lichts). Der wichtigste Aspekt unserer experimentellen Existenz ist unsere einzigartige DNA und genetische Zusammensetzung. Ich bekam Flashbacks und Erinnerungen an mich selbst an Bord eines GFL-Mutterschiffs, wo ich die Entwicklung der Menschen überwachte. Ja, die Weiterentwicklung, nicht unbedingt die Schöpfung. In gewisser Weise wäre es falsch zu sagen, dass interdimensionale Wesen die Menschen erschaffen haben, denn sie mussten mit einer Art Basis beginnen. Die „Basis“, von der sie ausgingen, waren meiner Meinung nach die ursprünglichen Homo Erectus-Wesen auf dem Planeten Erde. Die Erde wurde nicht einfach „zufällig“ als Planet ausgewählt. Sie war ein prophezeiter Planet, der seit Milliarden, ja, Milliarden von Jahren von höheren Wesen überwacht wird. Dieser Planet wurde aufgrund der Evolution des Lebens und seiner Fähigkeit, kohlenstoffbasierte Lebensformen zu erhalten, ausgewählt. Alle Elemente, die zusammenkommen, um diese Art von Umwelt zu schaffen, haben die Kapazität, eine sehr vielfältige Anzahl von Lebewesen zu erhalten. Mir wurde gezeigt, erinnert und erzählt, dass wir Menschen eine Vielzahl von DNA verschiedener Arten in uns tragen. Im Laufe unserer Entwicklung wurde uns buchstäblich in jedem einzelnen Aspekt der Evolution geholfen. Ja, wir haben DNA von anderen Wesen, aber wir haben auch Sprache, Geometrie, Wissenschaft, Werkzeuge, Technologie, Mathematik und alle anderen Aspekte unserer modernen Zivilisation erhalten. Uns wurde das GEGEBEN, was wir haben. Noch einmal: Nichts an den Menschen auf dem Planeten Erde ist zufällig, absolut NICHTS. Hinweis: Die meisten anderen Planeten und Arten im Universum entwickeln sich auf natürliche Weise, das ist einer der Gründe, warum dieser Planet und die Menschen so besonders sind. Ich könnte tief in die uralte Geschichte der Menschheit eintauchen und in die ewigen Kriege, die zwischen den Annunaki, Reptiloide, Plejadiern, Grey und so weiter ausgetragen wurden... aber das wäre genug Inhalt für ein ganzes anderes Buch oder eine Reihe von Büchern. Das Wichtigste ist: Jede dieser Arten hat uns ihre DNA gegeben, damit wir uns weiterentwickeln können. Hätten wir diese Gaben nie erhalten, würden wir wahrscheinlich unseren Affenverwandten ähnlicher sehen als den engelsgleichen Wesen, denen wir heute ähneln. Ich bin mir sicher, dass wir noch mehr DNA von anderen Spezies in uns haben, aber der Einfachheit halber sind dies die fünf wichtigsten Spezies, mit denen wir DNA teilen (in der Reihenfolge, in der wir die DNA erhalten haben). Ich habe auch angegeben, in welcher Dimension sie sich am häufigsten aufhalten, obwohl sie in einer Vielzahl von Dimensionen vorkommen können:

Annunaki (10.-11. Dimension) Reptiloide (4. Dimension) Plejadier (8. Dimension) Grey (6. Dimension) Engel (7. oder 11. Dimension)

Wir sind also hier als Homo Erectus Wesen der 3. Dimension mit einer Vielzahl anderer DNA-Stränge und anderer Schwingungsfrequenzen. Weißt du noch, als ich darüber sprach, dass zwei Frequenzen nicht im selben Raum koexistieren können? Ja, kannst du dir vorstellen, wie lange es gedauert hat, die DNA all dieser verschiedenen Wesen zu vereinheitlichen? Viel Zeit, viel Versuch und Irrtum... VIEL. Der Grund, warum wir im Laufe der Geschichte von beiden Seiten des Spektrums so stark beeinträchtigt wurden, ist, dass wir buchstäblich ihre Kinder sind. Sie haben viel Zeit und Ressourcen investiert, um uns zu erschaffen. Das ist auch der Grund, warum wir so kontrolliert wurden, obwohl wir auf unserem Weg so viel Unterstützung bekommen haben. Der „Dienst zum Selbst“ (Wesen mit niedrigeren Schwingungen) wollten uns gewissermaßen als ihre „Sklaven“ haben und wollten nicht, dass wir verstehen, wie verdammt mächtig wir sind (sogar mächtiger als sie!). Der „Dienst für Andere“ (höher schwingende Wesen) hingegen wollte uns helfen, zu unserem wahren Selbst zu erwachen und unser wahres Potenzial zu erkennen. Dieses seltsame Gebräu aus DNA und verschiedenen Schwingungswesen hat im Grunde einen Krieg auf diesem Planeten ausgelöst. Der Krieg um das „Eigentum“ der Menschen. Zu wem gehören wir WIRKLICH? Letzten Endes weiß die GFL, dass wir niemandem gehören außer uns selbst. Wir haben uns als Seelen entschieden, hier zu verkörpern... mit der Supermacht unseres freien Willens. Andere Wesen (ohne Namen zu nennen) haben tatsächlich geglaubt, dass wir ihnen nicht nur als Zivilisation gehören, weil sie uns miterschaffen haben, sondern auch, dass ihnen dieser Planet gehört, weil sie zu den ursprünglichen Spezies hier gehörten. Okay... warum also? Mal im Ernst, Leute, warum macht man sich all die Mühe, Zeit und Ressourcen, um uns zu erschaffen? Es muss doch einen Grund geben! Erst 2016 erhielt ich ENDLICH den Hinweis darauf, WARUM wir dieses große Experiment sind.

Kurze universelle Geschichte

Endlich hat die Galaktische Föderation es mir verraten. Es war so ein großer Austausch, dass ich glaube, ich habe danach drei Tage lang geweint. Alles, was ich dachte, war: „Wie soll ich den Leuten das sagen?“ und „Werden sie damit umgehen können?“ Letztendlich musste ich vertrauen. Ich weiß, dass ich die Informationen zur richtigen Zeit erhalten habe, als die Menschheit bereit dafür war. Ich habe lange gewartet, bis ich und die Menschheit bereit waren. Aber die Informationen, die ich erhielt, waren es so sehr wert. So beschrieb die Galaktische Föderation des Lichts die Menschheit als ein Experiment: „Ihr seid ein Friedensvertrag für das Universum.“ Sie zeigten mir Bilder von Kriegen im ganzen Universum (an die ich mich tief im Innern erinnerte, weil ich sie in früheren Leben miterlebt hatte). Jetzt, da wir unser Universum als binäres System verstehen, das sowohl aus niedrigen als auch aus hohen Schwingungen und Dimensionen besteht, können wir dieses System auch auf alle Wesen im Universum anwenden. Die Wesen, die sich in dichteren Schwingungen befinden, sind daher stärker von der Quelle getrennt und leben in einer eher „angstbasierten“ Schwingung. Durch diese Art der Trennung werden diese Wesen sehr „selbstbezogen“, da sie Schwierigkeiten haben, etwas zu begreifen, das über ihre eigene Existenz im gegenwärtigen Moment hinausgeht. Das bedeutet natürlich, dass es Wesen gibt, die das Gegenteil sind, Wesen, die die Lektionen der Trennung durchlebt haben und verstehen, dass wir alle aus der gleichen Quelle kommen. Deshalb geht es bei diesen Seelen, die als höher schwingende Wesen verkörpert sind, um das kollektive Bewusstsein. Sie gelten als Wesen im „Dienst für Andere“ und haben daher die Aufgabe, allen zu helfen, sich zu verbinden und zu ihrer kollektiven Wahrheit zu gelangen. Diese Wesen mit höheren Frequenzen haben kein Verlangen, sich auf die „Spiele“ oder das Hin und Her der Wesen mit niedrigeren Schwingungen einzulassen. Die Wesen, die sich um sich selbst kümmern, interessieren sich jedoch nur für sich selbst. Deshalb neigen sie dazu, viel Unruhe im Youniversum zu stiften. Hier kommt die Gründung der Galaktischen Föderation ins Spiel, die die notwendige Struktur schafft, um das Universum und alle Wesen darin in Einklang zu bringen. Der Zweck der Galaktischen Föderation besteht nicht darin, eigene Regeln zu schaffen, sondern die Gesetze des Universums durchzusetzen. Ich werde hier nicht auf alle diese Gesetze eingehen, aber ich habe einige davon in Videos auf meinem YouTube-Kanal erwähnt. Es war mir wichtig, ein wenig über die Geschichte des Universums und der darin existierenden Wesen zu erklären, damit du verstehen kannst, wie unglaublich diese ganze Situation wirklich ist. Letztendlich war dieser Konflikt zwischen den höheren und niedrigeren Frequenzen von der Quelle beabsichtigt, um sich selbst zu helfen, zu lernen und zu wachsen und sich selbst in einem Abbild zu sehen. Aufgrund der Existenz der Polarität innerhalb dieser verkörperten Wesen hat es einen Krieg gegeben, der seit Milliarden von Jahren geführt wird... wahrscheinlich Billionen von Jahren. Seit der Entstehung des Universums gibt es einen Kampf zwischen beiden Seiten. Eine der wichtigsten Lektionen, die sich die Quelle vorgenommen hat, ist die Lektion der HARMONIE. Wenn sie in der Lage ist, die Dualität/Polarität zu harmonisieren, hat sie die größte Lektion, die sie lernen wollte, abgeschlossen.

Friedensabkommen

Die GFL hat viele, und ich meine VIELE Friedensabkommen geschlossen, um dieses Problem der Disharmonie und Störung zu lösen. In den Augen der GFL ist das völlig in Ordnung; es muss Wesen mit niedrigeren Schwingungen geben, um den Fluss des Universums aufrechtzuerhalten, aber warum können wir nicht einfach alle miteinander auskommen und in Frieden und Harmonie innerhalb der Polarität leben? Trotz dieser zahlreichen Versuche, alle Arten im Universum zu versammeln und eine Art Friedensabkommen zu schließen, kam es immer wieder zu einer Störung oder Umgehung dieser Verträge von Seiten der Wesen mit niedrigeren Schwingungen. Es gibt immer ein Wesen, das es für alle versaut. Letztendlich kann die Gier eines einzigen Wesens diese schriftlichen Verträge brechen. In ihrem Kopf denken sie: “Warum dem Kollektiv helfen, wenn ich mir selbst helfen kann? Ich verstehe das, aber trotzdem... Nach vielen gescheiterten Versuchen kam die GFL schließlich auf den ultimativen Friedensvertrag: eine hybride Spezies. Wenn es ihnen gelänge, alle Meister der Genetik im Universum zu versammeln und einige der mächtigsten höher schwingenden Wesen zu nehmen und ihre DNA mit den niedrig schwingenden Wesen zu mischen, könnten sie diesen ewigen Streit vielleicht lösen. So begann das Experiment mit den Menschen. Die GFL arbeitete bereits an den genetischen Kombinationen der DNA, lange bevor die Erde überhaupt entstand. Tatsächlich war der gewählte Planet das letzte Teil des Puzzles. Sie mussten erst beweisen, dass dieses Konzept tatsächlich funktionieren konnte. Jede Spezies stimmte zu, an diesem lebenden, atmenden, laufenden und sprechenden Friedensabkommen teilzunehmen. Wenn diese besondere Spezies in der Lage war, „miteinander auszukommen“, wenn sie in der Lage waren, sich trotz des genetischen Mixes zu lieben, dann würde das beweisen, dass es im Universum einen nachhaltigen Frieden zwischen allen Spezies geben kann. Obwohl beschlossen wurde, dass es nach der genetischen Manipulation keine Beeinträchtigung zwischen der ursprünglichen Spezies und der neuen hybriden Spezies geben würde, war dies nicht so eindeutig, wie es hätte sein sollen. Die niederen Arten argumentierten, dass die höheren Arten den Hybriden helfen, indem sie ihnen Daten und Informationen zur Verfügung stellen. Die höhere Spezies konnte dies tun, weil es im Einvernehmen mit den universellen Gesetzen war, insbesondere dem Gesetz der Nichteinmischung. Die höheren Wesen waren in der Lage, dieses Gesetz zu umgehen, indem sie ihre Seele auf diesem Planeten verkörperten, um zu helfen und das zu schaffen, was ich als Starseeds bezeichne. Informationen können auch leicht übertragen werden, da wir ihre DNA teilen, wir müssen nur danach fragen. Seit unserer Inkarnation haben die meisten von uns jedoch ihr Wissen über den Planeten Erde verloren, was es schwierig macht, hier zu sein. Die niederen Spezies nahmen dies als Zeichen, dass auch sie sich einmischen könnten, und das haben sie auch getan. Wieder einmal wurde der Kampf des gesamten Universums gespiegelt und hierher auf den Planeten Erde gebracht. Wir, die Menschen, sind der Friedensvertrag. Wir stehen an der Schwelle zur Expansion, und die niederen Wesen können nichts mehr tun. Ja, sie schlagen zurück, aber sie haben die Schlacht bereits verloren. Wir Menschen erwachen und erkennen unsere WAHRHEIT, unsere Macht und unsere Bestimmung. Wir ERINNERN uns daran, wer wir sind. Die größte Möglichkeit für die GFL, den Menschen zu helfen, ohne die Gesetze des Universums außer Kraft zu setzen, besteht darin, dass sie selbst freiwillig als Menschen hier inkarnieren. Deshalb werden hier all diese unglaublichen und mächtigen (Indigo-, Regenbogen- und kristallinen usw.) Kinder geboren. Nun... was denkst du? Es fällt mir schwer, ein so intensives Kapitel zu beenden, weil ich gar nicht weiß, wie ich mit diesen Informationen weitermachen soll. Ich möchte dich nur wissen lassen. Wie ich bereits zu Beginn dieses Buches erwähnt habe, sind die Informationen, die ich präsentiere, nicht nur eine interessante Geschichte. Es ist Wissen, das buchstäblich deine DNA verändern wird. Selbst wenn du dich noch massiv gegen diese Informationen wehrst, gibt es irgendwo tief in deiner Seele eine Resonanz, die dich verändern wird, egal ob du daran „glauben“ willst oder nicht. Die Veränderung und die Erinnerung an diese Informationen werden dich dazu bringen, die erstaunliche, interdimensionale DNA zu entschlüsseln, die du besitzt. Wenn du diese DNA entschlüsselt hast, wirst du dir der unendlichen Weite der Informationen im Universum bewusst und erlebst sie im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes. Auch wenn ich in diesem ersten Buch nicht alles behandeln kann, gibt es noch ein paar weitere Konzepte, die ich für wichtig halte, bevor wir diese Extravaganz der Erleuchtung zum Abschluss bringen!

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Auszug und freie Übersetzung aus dem Video https://youtu.be/vYCkKVBBixk?t=2569

G: Wie bereits im Buch erwähnt, wurden die Menschen als Friedensvertrag und Prophezeiung erschaffen. Wie du bereits weißt, sollen die Menschen den Krieg um das Universum beenden. Was du jedoch nicht weißt, ist, WIE die Menschen den Krieg beenden sollen. Ich: Okay. ja, von meinem Verständnis her bin ich einfach davon ausgegangen, dass, weil die Menschen die Schöpfung einiger der am niedrigsten und am höchsten schwingenden Wesen des Universums sind, alle anderen unsere ultimative Wahl respektieren und sich daran halten müssen. Ähnlich wie wenn man einen Hund zwischen Elternteil eins und Elternteil zwei stellt, zu wem auch immer der Hund geht, ist sein Liebling. Und das andere Elternteil muss diese Wahl einfach respektieren. Das ist es, was ich seit Jahren annehme, seit die GFL mir sagte, dass wir ein Hybridexperiment und ein Friedensvertrag sind. G: In einem perfekten Universum würde es so funktionieren. Aber aufgrund der Gier und Machtgier einiger dieser Zivilisationen würde das befolgen der Entscheidung der Menschheit den Krieg nicht beenden. Ich: Wow okay, das ist neu für mich. Wie genau werden die Menschen die Kriege im ganzen Universum beenden? Nebenbemerkung: eine weitere lange Pause von G. Fast so, als ob er ängstlich ist, dies auszusprechen. Die Auswirkungen fühlen sich real an. G: Mit der Zeit werden die Menschen die mächtigste Spezies sein, die jemals im Universum existiert hat, aufgrund eurer einzigartigen Hybridisierung und eurem schnellen Wachstum. Als der äußere Einfluss, aus dem ihr erwachsen seid, werden die Menschen in der Lage sein, jedem Wesen oder jeder Spezies, die die Gesetze des Universums nicht respektiert, ein langfristiges Ende zu bereiten. Was euch von allen anderen Spezies da draußen unterscheidet, ist eure komplexe hybrid-DNA. Ihr als Spezies braucht keine Technologie, um eure Absichten zu verbessern (Anm. d. Übersetzers: Fähigkeiten zu erweitern?). Ihr habt alles, was ihr braucht, von innen heraus. In dieser Hinsicht seid ihr völlig einzigartig. Deshalb wurde von beiden Seiten die größte Menge an Ressourcen in euch investiert. (so episch). Nebenbemerkung: ich musste nach dieser Erklärung eine Pause einlegen. Ich atme ein paar mal tief durch und integriere, was er sagt. Ich finde die Worte, um fortzufahren. Ich: Ich habe das Gefühl, das letzte Stück gefunden zu haben. Obwohl wir in unserem höhlenmenschenähnlichen zustand derzeit keine Bedrohung darstellen, werden wir später eine Bedrohung für die ruchlosen Wesen im Universum darstellen. G: Das ist richtig.

#女狱花

王妙如，名保福，泉唐人氏。幼时性质聪慧，且嗜书史。年二十三，匹予为偶。予每自负得闺房益友，乃结褵。未足四年，而竟溘然长逝矣。其生平所著之书，有《小桃源传奇》《女狱花》小说、《唱和集》诗词，而《女狱花》一部尤为妙如得意之作。 尝对予曰：“近日女界黑暗已至极点，自恨弱躯多病，不能如我佛释迦亲入地狱普救众生，只得以秃笔残墨为棒喝之具。虽然革命之事先从激烈、后归平和，眇眇一身，难期圆满。惟此书立意，将革命之事源源本本，历道其详。非但一我妙如之现影，实千百万我妙如之现影。” 云每作一回书，必嘱予略加批点，以为互相规劝之举。乃杀青未几，人已云亡。披览遗稿，我心惨惨；体厥遗志，付之剞橛；聊誌数言，以当序、跋。

光绪甲辰，仲春，泉唐罗景仁誌于双人轩。

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录入者注： 褵：亦作“缡”。古代女子出嫁时所系的佩巾。佩之于前，可以蔽膝；蒙之于上，可以盖头。女子嫁前，母亲把佩巾结在女儿身上，称结褵。后成为一种装饰。《诗·豳风·东山》：“亲结其缡，九十其仪。” 剞劂：雕刻用的弯刀。引申为雕版；刻书。

#女狱花

话说许平权开了一个女学堂，那日演说一番，心中很是爽快。从此尽心教育，女学上很有进步。一日正当功课完后，坐在书房内，心里忽想道：“我们二万万女子，大都无知无识，如鹿豕一般。区区这个女学校，教育安能普及？师范学堂，今日亦很要紧的。”即刻命工人将里边坍败的房屋修理起来，作为讲堂卧室；立了一个详细章程，额招师范女学生六十名。 那日来考者，竟有六百余人之多。平权即将各种普通学与各学生当面问答，又出一个论题，令学生各做一篇。

待至学生去后，已是傍晚时候。平权吃了夜膳，即在书房内，将那些论说阅着。则见各人论中皆有“男人不得压制女人，女人不可受男人压制”“女人须用强力夺权利，男人决不肯轻将权利给女人”“非我族类，其心必异。女子最男人，须用对异族之法”的各种话。 平权心中思量：“前时我们女子，皆守‘以顺为正’之道，决无有与男子抗抵的。今日女权如此发达，岂非由沙雪梅破坏手段酝酿所成吗？”欢喜了一会，忽又感慨道：“照这样子看来，只知强权、不知义务，必使祥云袅袅的家庭神圣园，变为惨雾沉沉的家庭修罗场。那时男女争权，恐世界非但不能进化，将要退化了。”心中闷闷不乐，即走出书房阶前散步，不知不觉走到花园里来。 那夜正是积雪初晴，皎洁洁的一片月光照在白梅花上，好比琉璃世界一般。赏玩了好一会，觉得几阵松风冷入心髓，一连打了几个寒噤。即忙回到书房里来，见案前坐着浑身通红的一位男子，心内很是惊讶。急走几步，仔细将他一看。原来是那个宗祥，低着头看那些论说，身上披着一件大红的雪衣。 宗祥见平权进来，即立起身来问候。 二人坐谈了一息，宗祥问平权道：“我闻天的生人，无分男女。则男女是应该平等的。我们国中，素来重男轻女；国家上的权利，女人一些没有，倒也说得过去。但在欧洲各国，号为平等，何以女子犹无参政权呢？” 平权道：“昔时的欧洲，与今日的中国，真是一样。我记得西人有一个笑话，说前时阿拉伯有一个人，叫他第一妻挑水、第二妻磨谷；第三妻貌甚美，故现不叫他做下等事情。照此看来，欧人前时亦很野蛮的；惟近来力求进步，稍稍发文明的光辉；但今日犹在幼稚时代，一切制度尚未完备。不必说女子没有参政权，很是不公平；就是细腰的这件事，何异小脚的陋习么？若后来文明日进，细腰的陋习自必竭力除去，参政权亦男女共有的。” 宗祥听了，很是佩服，说了几句赞美平权的话。 平权又说道：“妹妹近日心内思想，有一件事，实男女间之大不平等；但那件事平等的时候，即人类灭绝的时候了。你想男女交媾，共享欢娱；何以生育子女的苦痛，要女子独受呢？文明极顶的时候，做女子的定剏（创）出各种避孕之法；决不必等地球的灭日，人类已是没有的。自此以后，必有比人高等的动物管理世界；其生育子女，雌的决不受一些苦痛，另有神妙的方法；但这个方法，即问今日有名的哲学家，也不能说出来；因其身体构造不知是什么样子，其安能妄断呢？”说至此，与宗祥大笑了一回。 自鸣钟上已是十二点零五分，宗祥告别回家，平权也是睡了。次日起来，将那些论说看毕，定了名次，即上班去教授。

光阴迅速，转瞬一年。女学堂学生皆已学习专门科学，师范女学生亦毕业；又另招了一班新生教授。 过了十数年，城里城外皆有好几个女学堂。那时，女子状态很是文明，与前时大不相同；做男子的，亦大半敬爱女子。 平权心内想道：“我前时与宗祥立约，本说‘女界振兴之日，为你我完姻之日’，今日女界也可算昌明了。虽宗祥见我时，并不将此事提起；但是他也如我的样子，用了心血数十年，竭力把女界洗出光明。今日不与他完姻，未免失信。且我若不婚嫁，国中普通女人必误会我不悦男子；将来愈传愈误，必人人欲为沙雪梅、欲为文洞仁，大伤天地生成之道。安可因区区一身的习惯，为二万万女子的祸根么？”主意已定，即将此意告知宗祥。宗祥亦很以为是。

成亲之日，宗祥对平权作揖道：“恭喜妹妹大事成了。” 平权亦回揖道：“这个功劳应该归哥哥的。妹妹近日看世界大势，移风易俗，莫妙于小说。世界上的人，或有不看正书，决无有不看小说的；因正书中深文曲笔，学问稍浅的人决不能看，即使看了，亦是恹恹闷倦；惟小说中句句白话，无人不懂，且又具着嬉笑怒骂各种声口，最能令人解颐，不知不觉将性质改变起来。哥哥啊，我想你数十年中对着一盏孤灯，吮着几点残墨，绞脑筋、洒热血，叫醒女人的长梦，痛骂男子的强权。今日我们女子香闺前的自由花而，岂不是哥哥一枝妙笔中生出么？” 宗祥道：“如此说来，哥哥又要崇拜妹妹了。哥哥前日有一番议论，说一国之中，若没有女国民，决没有男国民的。一个人小的时候，心中皆无定见，只有摹仿的能力；母子之间最为亲切，则一举一动自然而然学作母的样子。你想前时我们女子，有光明正大的举动么？即使幼时出外游学，思想竟能开发起来；到得成亲以后，困于家常琐屑，英气也渐渐消灭。妹妹啊，你怀着菩萨心肠，舍身渡世，将直接之善女人，间接的善男子。从火坑提到金莲座上，非特我们二万万裙钗女子，皆当焚香叩首；我们二万万须眉男儿，也当跪食慧果了。” 当日平权夫妇的恩爱，自可不言而喻；即普通夫妇，亦不像前时的野蛮。那夫妇的爱情，如胶似漆，真是说也说不能尽。 我记得那个大豪杰还有一首七绝，极描写“爱情”二字。我且讲出来，结这部《女狱花》。 诗曰：“嬴得书香胜粉香，文明小史演闺房。堂前燕子窗前蝶，岂独天台有阮郎？”

（罗景仁批：小说结尾，与“楔子”一般，一则须将全部笼照（罩），一则须将全部收束。庸手作此，或病拖沓，或病枯率。此书结尾，何等圆足？且有三长焉：虚虚收足木部之意，不将余义收尽，可使后人续补，一长也；带描出世界文明，夫妇相见如宾，充足《女狱花》之意义，二长也；合于寻常小说，归结于团圆，不使俗人訾（zī）议，三长也。吾观此回书，叹观止矣。）

录入者注： 訾（zī）议：不好的议论。

#女狱花

话说黄宗祥与许平权结伴同行，谈谈说说，渐有欲联婚之意。 平权早已看破，对宗祥道：“男女私情，人所不免。但妹妹此身已立誓许与我国四万万人，何敢自私自利？今又承哥哥眷爱，请与哥哥约结婚之期，请自今始；完姻之日，且待女学振兴之后。” 宗祥听了，忙拍手道：“妹妹实是妙人。哥哥敢不如命？” 从此二人愈觉爱亲，每日谈些科学，交换智识。

不多几日，到了本国。 宗祥本是富家，即拿出二三万银子，同平权办了一个大大的女学堂；堂中之事，皆请平权主持，自己却住在与学堂相近的家里，著些振兴女界的小说。 平权当时立了一个章程，请了几位女教习，招了一百个女学生。

那开堂的一日，平权演说道： “我的同胞妹妹啊！我的同胞妹妹啊！你们今日，量都知道女人权利被男子夺去了。但你们知不知道，女人权利什么缘故被男子夺了去呢？ “混沌初开的时候，本为毒蛇猛兽的世界；自体格最全、脑质最优的人类出后，战胜那毒蛇猛兽，方成了一个人类世界。但那时人类的性质，与毒蛇猛兽无异。你们看上古史中的凶恶酋长，每饮弱者的血以为酒，吃弱者的肉以为菜；可知那时只讲强权，不讲公理了。自来女人的势力比男人稍弱些，安得不受其压制呢？ “原男女共为体格最全、脑质最优的人类，并非‘男是高等动物，女是下等动物’；身体构造，亦无歧异，头同圆、趾同方、官同五、支（肢）同四，不过牝牡之间稍异的儿。何以女子的势力弱于男子呢？女人的弱点在于依赖性质。你们且想一想古时俗语，什么‘在家从父，出家（嫁）从夫，夫死从子’，什么‘夫荣妻贵’，什么‘男尊女卑’，这就是从来女子依赖性质的照相片了。 （罗景仁批：活画出无知女人状态。） “至于今日，这种劣根性较前更深。愚蠢的下流女子，我且不必说他；即在诗礼人家做女子的，早眠晏起、不治生业；日高睡醒，缠脚梳头，已虚度了半日光阴；中膳用过，或者凝粧静坐，或者看些闲书小说；至于管理家政，也要看他高兴不高兴；一生的大目的，只在夫婿登龙，博得一副花封紫诰，就是上了天堂了。咳，这种无行无业的女子，若不受忍苦耐劳的男子管束，亦非公理。 “非洲有一种蜜蜂，雌的性最勤俭，采花酿蜜，甚是忙碌；雄的性最懒惰，坐食雌蜂采来花蕊，日以交媾为事故。交媾完后，雌蜂即咬死他。照此来看，天下动植诸物，若要权利，先贵独立。同胞妹妹啊！我们今日，不必去夺男人的权利，只要讲求我们的独立。若我们能独立，那男子不得不将权利还我们了。 “讲求独立的方法仅有两条：一条是除去外边的装饰，一条是研究内里的学问。 “何为‘除去外边的装饰’？沙雪梅先生的《仇书》，大约你们已看过的。书中有一节说，女人种种的装饰，皆男人种种的制服。譬如带环儿即是插耳翦的意思，带手钏即是带手枷的意思，缠小脚即是刖足的意思，涂脂抹粉即是插了粪帚、搪了花脸儿、伏地请罪的意思。 （罗景仁批：奇想天开。） “他的说话，虽未免过于激烈；但我们女子真正何苦做这无益的事呢？且好好一双耳朵，无缘无故刺他两个洞，受这无罪的毒形（刑）；好好一双手臂，带这重累的物件，运动上诸多不便；至于紧缠小足，不但行路不稳，实为致人死病的魔鬼；花粉之质，尽属汞石，涂在脸儿上，最易侵害血管，这是我们应该赶紧除去的。除去以后，自然身体强壮、手足灵便；正可趁着如箭的光阴，做些光明正大的事业呢！ “何为‘考究内里的学问’？我们国中，普通女子，德育、智育、体育之事，一些儿也不讲究。做姑娘的差役媳妇，几如奴婢；做晚娘的虐待前子，无异仇敌；买来的丫鬟亦是人类，任意鞭挞，反不如善良家之猫狗。你想合不和合公理呢？ “我佛释迦涅槃说法，本为万古不灭的大教，应该人人皈依的。但那些和尚尼姑，非但大乘经典未曾入目，即小乘经典亦未能了解，名为佛徒，实则佛教的罪人；无知女子，偏将锱积铢累的血钱供他偷婆养汉的经费。你想，呆不呆呢？ “泰西女人，无不练习柔软体操，故筋骨强健，与男子无异。我们女人，专讲装得如花枝一般，嫌身躯雄健，每有减食为瘦弱的；非有大事，绝不肯散步街市，终日坐在深闺描鸾刺凤，以致思想呆滞，做起事来，较男子终逊一筹。 “照此看来，女人若有学问，决不如此举动，被男子种种看轻了。且更研究历史地理，则量世界大势，心中了然，思想自然而然发达起来；精通格致算数，可以制造器械、谋些铜钱，不必坐食男人的血本。咳，我们女子能殻如此，男子自恭恭敬敬，两手捧了权利还我们呢！这个道理，很容易明白的。俗话道：‘吃人一碗，被人所管’，今女子竟能自食其力，若男人犹行野蛮手段，无难与他各分疆域，强权是无逞的。 “且男女之间，天生成有一种特别的爱情，一切君臣、父子、兄弟、朋友的恩义，皆不足以比他。男子的所以压制女人，一则由于女子衣食专赖男子供结，经济上很多困难；一则由于不明道理的女人，男子宠爱他些，必至弄娇撒泼、生种种过分的要求，因这后大私欲的魔障，故把先天爱情压住了。今女子既能自谋衣食，不必累及男人；又能知书达理，为男人闺房中之益友。则男女的爱情，如枯木逢春，勾萌渐达。那时相见如宾，说不尽万种恩爱呢！ “同胞妹妹啊，你们仔细想想，做女子的，可不赶紧讲求独立吗？讲求独立，可不要赖学问吗？我劝你们，从此后，将恨男子强权的心思，变为恨自己无能的心思；将修饰边幅的时候，变为研究学问的时候。恐须眉男子将要崇拜我们了，安敢逞强权呢？” （罗景仁批：至理名言。） 当日平权演说已毕，众女学生拍手而散。未知后事如何，且听下回分解。

（罗景仁批：此回演说，下笔甚难。新奇之论，易流于激烈；平正之论，易流于庸腐。吾不知作者用尽几许心血，句句从学问上出之，不涉一些意气，自能使人娓娓动听，可谓尽演说之能事矣。）

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《女狱花》，章回小说。又名《红闺泪》、《闺阁豪杰谈》。王妙如著，12回。 作者名保福，钱塘人，生于1877年左右。幼聪慧，嗜史书。年23，嫁唐景仁，未满4年而卒。著有《小桃源传奇》《唱和集》等。 叙两位女子为争取妇女解放所走的不同道路。侠女沙雪梅才貌双全，却嫁了一位狭隘的酸秀才。其夫待她如奴，雪梅忍无可忍，将他误杀。雪梅入狱后结识了革命党人，待从牢里逃出，和他们一起进行暗杀活动。一日，遇见主张和平革命的许平权女士，两人话不投机。后雪梅革命不成，愤而自焚。许平权留学日本归国后，与丈夫一起启民智、办女学，事业轰轰烈烈。 此书对妇女所受的压迫作棒喝之声有一定的进步意义。作者笔下的两位女性目的相同、前途殊异，表明作者拥护的是进行社会事业改造的维新主张，实未能指出妇女解放的正确出路。技巧上欲弃章回，以情节取胜，然未摸着新法，故时新时旧，不甚相协。光绪三十年（1904）刊本，又光绪间石印本。

录入者按： 这篇小说回答了许多女权觉醒的疑问，比如要不要化妆、要不要学习、要不要独立挣钱。局限性在于第十一章中对男女压迫的归因不够透彻。这里暂时不详说如何才能透彻，先说两个女党领袖人物的思路差异。 许平权的生活环境和沙雪梅等人不同，她爹已经是进步基础了，她的环境一早就比别人平等多了，所以她的做法也没有沙雪梅那么激烈。如第十一章许平权演说中提到的，女人变得强大，不说男的拱手让权，女人自立门户、威慑对方，让对方不敢造次。但是许平权没有说到，如果男的不支持、甚至反攻女学，女学岂不是四面楚歌了？许的思路是先办教育。但是，在男尊社会兴办女学，很容易被男尊渗透，女学沦为太太小姐的镀金场所，学些无伤大雅、影响不到男尊的花边内容。 沙的思路则是“破而后立”，“先打扫干净屋子再请客”。但是沙的想法略显急进，有时没有考虑到“后进”这部分的情况。比如当时许多女人缠脚、许多女人瘦弱，如果没有学会制作工具的知识，光靠体力、人数，难以胜过男尊。 其实，两个人结合起来，就是既要学知识、用工具，又要打扫。用好工具，扫好屋子，相辅相成。假设女党自己搞出来坚船利炮，不说扫净男尊吧，也可以和其分庭抗礼。就好像现在杀虫剂也没有万能的，只是能在一定范围内杀死虫子而已。

#女狱花

话说沙雪梅、张柳娟、仇兰芷、吕中杰、施如曌、岳月君，六个女将，日夜组织革命的方法。未知能革得成否？这个问题，是看官急欲知道的。但革命成败的时候，在雪梅诸人，用尽脑血、心血、颈血的数年之后。而此数年间，尤有紧要的事呢。今故将雪梅诸人，按下不讲。

且说许平权那夜与雪梅口战后，次日起来看雪梅，则见房门双双关闭。叫他几声，也不答应，知他尚是睡着。心内想道：“前日我有信与文洞仁，约定后日到他家内相会。若此刻不动身，决要失约了。且我会过了他，还要赶紧出洋去呢。这个沙雪梅的人品，虽是矫矫不群、令人爱慕，但话语昨日也说完了，今朝不会他也不妨。”主意已定，即收拾物件起行。

过了两日，就到文家。洞仁接待的很是亲切。平权说出雪梅之事，并将自己一番议论同告诉他。洞仁赞叹不置（止）。 是夜，平权又说起出洋之事。洞仁道：“姊姊既要去游学，决不敢作儿女之情，阻君壮志。且隔壁董奇簧姊姊亦想出洋学习，今与姊姊同伴，实为两便。”说着，即嘱丫鬟请了（董奇簧）过来。三人谈了一夜。 次日，奇簧回家。（许平权）收拾行李，忙碌了几日，别了洞仁，同奇簧买舟而去。 那时正是深秋天气，满林枫叶红的如桃花一般，两岸芦花白的如柳絮一般。平权看了，忽感慨起来，对奇簧道：“这个情景，像煞是春天。妹妹几欲错认了他。难怪世上无知的人，每到中年时候，犹自为幼少，顽顽耍耍，不做一些正经事业。岂知再过几年，就要‘呜呼哀哉’呢？” 奇簧听了，亦是浩欢，说了好些“日月无情，人生难再”的话语。 不觉舟子已到通商码头。二人即带了行李上岸，在客寓中住下一宵。次日又到街上买了几种食物，乘了一只往长崎的轮船。

不多几日，到了该处，则见众山峨峨，远连云表。平权内心想道：“这个地方，前时我们的学士大夫，也误认为蓬莱岛，说甚么黄金铺地、碧玉为桥；人若到此，即能白日飞升。但在今日，即愚蠢无学之人，已无不知道是日本国了。可见列国交通，于智识上大有益处。譬如我前日住在内地，见几个租界即当作福地洞天，岂知这里住了几日，那租界已看不上眼。我若到西洋去，恐连这里也看不上眼的。可见游历亦是很要紧呢！” 平权正在思想，则听奇簧说道：“姊姊，我们赶紧收拾物件起身，火车将要开了。” 于是二人乘了火车，到了东京。平权入师范学校，奇簧入医学校。 光阴如箭，转眼数年，二人学问皆已毕业。惟内地著书醒世的文洞仁一病而亡。 那日噩耗传来，二人悲伤得了不得。究竟平权达观生死，壮志未灰，约定奇簧游历世界一遭。

于是二人复治装起行，一路上赏玩名胜、考察人情，不知不觉到了法国巴黎。坦坦大道，全体敷石；车轮行过，一些声息也没有；且常有人拿着香水，到处敷洒。 平权爱恋此地，即找了一间客栈住下。次日又同着奇簧到国民图书馆去，见他规模宏大， 所藏的书籍竟有三百万部之多。平权心内想道：“法国是自由发生的地方，果然与别国不同。”游玩了好几个时辰，才由旧道而回。路上又随手买了一张新闻纸，拿到客寓内观看。 奇簧见他看了一息，神色忽然发呆起来，叫他也不答应。又响响的叫了几声。 则见他将头摇了一摇，口中叹了一口气，对着奇簧说道：“你来看，你来看。” 奇簧走到平权身边，见报纸上已滴着许多泪珠。仔细将报一看，里面载着“女界革命党首领沙雪梅，因大事不成，同其友张柳娟等七十余人自焚而死。”奇簧看到这里，泪如泉涌。 平权对奇簧哭说道：“姊姊，你想我们女界，黑暗了二千余年。幸亏得文洞仁、沙雪梅、张柳娟诸人，或用笔墨，或用口舌，唤醒他们的迷梦，近来才有一线光明。不幸文洞仁去年病死，那时妹妹已感伤得很；姊姊虽竭力劝我，到了今日，犹是耿耿于怀。岂知沙雪梅、张柳娟诸人，今又罹此巨祸。你将女界前途一想，安得不令人悲伤么？咳，沙雪梅、张柳娟诸人，虽手段过于激烈，妹妹早逆料其不能成功；但此等人在内地运动运动，亦不可少。今既先后丧亡，恐女界又要黑暗了！妹妹此刻，已立定主意，即回国去，办些女学堂，启发他们的智识，造成真正革命的基础。不知姊姊还是同我回去，还是再游历一周呢？” 奇簧道：“妹妹听说美国医学极其讲究，意欲到那边考察考察。但我与姊姊，自洞仁处认识后，情同意合，姊妹花一般。到了东京，你住在师范学校，我住在医学校，每逢星期，仍聚首谈心。今一旦忽然分离，你到地球的这面去，我到地球的那面去，心中实是恋恋不舍。” 平权含泪答道：“姊姊既有志到美国去考察医学，何必作此儿女态度？你我日后自有相见之日。我们此刻就收拾物件，明日动身罢。你迟了一日，就迟了一日祖国的学问；我迟了一日，就迟了一日女界的文明呢！” 奇簧只得含泪答应。到了次日，二人一揖而别。

奇簧在美洲游学了一年，乘船回国，开了大大的一个医学堂。我们医学进步，大半奇簧所造。这是后话，此书无暇细讲。 且说平权别了奇簧，坐在轮船上，长吁短叹，茶饭也无心进用。见旁有一个面庞极熟、洋装的中国少年，时时对他观看。 一日，那少年忽问道：“平权姊姊，你为着何事，这般伤怀？人生行乐耳，何学孤雁之哀鸣？” 平权听得此话，即正色答道：“看你的外貌很是文明，何以说话如此轻薄，一些道德心也没有？” 那少年忙陪笑说道：“我心中实爱惜姊姊，不欲幽闷伤人；忽听见船外雁声，故胡乱说出此话。姊姊，你在东京已住了三年；留学生会馆中，我与你又会过两次。你想我黄宗祥，岂是无赖荡子呢？” 平权听得此话，心内恍然：原来是高等学校卒业的宗祥，平日亦竭力唱（倡）导女学。二三月间，他游历欧美，近来想是回国，故在此处会见。亦堆下笑脸，说了几句“不是”的话。 （罗景仁批：“高等学校”二句写出宗祥实非无赖荡子。） 宗祥又问道：“姊姊端的为着何事，这般幽闷？”平权即将洞仁、雪梅、柳娟的事说了一遍，宗祥亦感伤起来。 二人结伴同行，每当平权愁闷的时候，宗祥又谭（谈）些学问，解解幽闷。平权很是佩服。宗祥敬重平权之心，更是十分浓厚，渐有欲联婚之意。未知平权肯应否，且听下回分解。

（罗景仁批：前数回中，既言沙雪梅磨刀霍霍，决意激烈革命矣。若不将他革命之事铺排一番，未免笔墨疎（疏）漏；然必叙他招罗女党几何，杀僇（戮）男子几何，则又成笨伯矣。作此回中一笔带过，却含着无数余缊（韵），何等神妙！吾不知作者此种笔墨从何处得来。）

#女狱花

话说沙雪梅与许平权话不投机，忽忽地出了平权房门。走到自己床前，模（摸）出时辰表一看，已是三点零四十九分。就在床内和衣睡下，翻来覆去也睡不着。则听蚊市成雷，鸡声报晓，耐心片刻，朦胧睡去。 及至次日十一点半钟起来，即到隔房来看平权，那知平权已动身走了。只得回至房内，吃了饭食，会了钱钞，出了客栈。走了几步，心内想道：“前因贪玩野景，路上耽搁好几日。今野景大概已赏玩过，况此地至张柳娟处，又是一水之路，不如坐船为便。”漫漫的走到轮船局内，买了一张票儿，附轮而去。

不多几日，到得柳家，二人一见如故。（张柳娟）请雪梅至书房内吃酒，且与二位女友相见。一位姓吕名中杰，即前时送报纸与文洞仁的；一位姓仇名兰芷，即前时结夜亲，与夫不睦，到此来的。 四人传杯递盏，畅谈心曲。雪梅说起平权之事。 柳娟道：“这人我本认识，且其历史知之甚详。他的住处离此地不过二百里之遥，本是个书香人家。他父亲叫做许杰，亦是一个怪男儿，平生以三尺剑、万卷书为第二个性命，却不欢喜仕途。中年选择一位才女，做了妻房，生下一男一女。男的取名保国，女的取名平权。‘佛婢’乃是他（许平权）自己取的别号。” “当日许杰夫妻，抚弄子女，沉吟诗酒，极享家庭幸福。每当酒酣耳热的时候，常对妻子道：‘世人云“女子无才便是德”，又云“做女儿的时候，不可使其读书识字；若通了文理，就有什么楼头柳色、窗前蝶影，做出许多坏事”；不知做出坏事的女子，正因文理不通、不能看深奥的书，只能看浅近小说。我们现在的小说，大半无赖荡子，序些儿女私情，没有一点学问话头；就有几种为才子游戏笔墨，做女子的不能知其运笔构思，只见海市蜃楼，以为实有其事，所以闹出“东阁聆琴”“西厢待月”的笑话来了。咳，这些腐败的小说，实女子的大魔头。我已立志用些心血，将旧时的小说世界，洗涤一番，普救种种陷溺的女子。但我这个女儿，长大起来，要比儿子格出尽心教育，使他日后做些光明正大的事业，以塞老朽的嘴巴。’” “平权的母亲道：‘教育女儿，亦是父母的天职。我想世上无知的老头儿，生下一个儿子，欢欢喜喜，以为是我的后代；生下一个女儿，愁愁闷闷，以为是人的媳妇。所以贫苦人家，凑些铜钱，使儿子读两年书；富贵人家，儿子廿来岁时，还请着先生教育他。至于女孩儿，贫贱人家，没有一个读书的；富贵人家中，文理粗通的女子，亦好比晨星硕果。岂知人人不使女孩儿读书识字，日后我们娶来的媳妇亦木偶人一般，儿子大受其害。且西哲尝云：‘女子者，国民之母也。’假使身体羸弱，所产子女亦羸弱；思想呆滞，所产子女亦呆滞。照此看来，女孩儿不读书识字，卫生学不讲，身体自然是羸弱；世界事不知，思想自然是呆滞。羸弱、呆滞之母，安能产果敢、活泼之子呢？’所以平权父母，将他兄弟二人，一体教育。妹妹亦曾在该处读过好几年书呢。” 雪梅道：“你既同他认识，何不请他来此，同叙大义？” 柳娟答道：“你且不要性急，听我漫漫的讲下去。” 中杰与兰芷齐声说道：“我们且饮几钟（盅）再谈罢。” 四人各饮了好几杯。 柳娟又说道：“妹妹去读书的时候，保国只有八岁，平权只有六岁。他二人历史、地理的大略，都已知晓。妹妹初时很是惊讶，后知他呀呀学语之日，他的母亲将天文、地理各种歌，略教他学习；故到六七岁时，已明世界大势。光阴迅速，转瞬六年，平权的父亲一病而亡，母亲亦相继而逝；妹妹那时，仍与他兄妹二人，一堂研究学问，且与平权结为异姓姊妹。又过了两年，平权的哥哥保国，见我国政府与外国立了密约，知道组北东们地方已被他人骗去，心中很是愤恨，而又无计挽回，自刎而死。那时妹妹已开设这个女报馆了，听了这个凶信，即请平权到此地来同住；岂知平权自他父亲死后，性质忽然更变，日日夜夜看着大乘佛经，为人甚是冷淡，与妹妹的意恩（思）渐渐儿不合；故妹妹去叫，他一味推脱不来。到了去年，常因女权之事，与妹妹大起冲突。他的古怪话语，我也不欲尽说。你看前年这个包（报）上，‘女界普救主’的‘男女平等’论，并与妹妹论学书，就知道这人的性格了。”说至此，柳娟脸上含有怒意。 兰芷道：“平权的历史，雪梅姊姊想已知道。我们且饮罢。” 四人又饮酒了一会，下人拿了一封信来递与柳娟。柳娟看了，顿觉柳眉紧锁、杏眼低垂，颇有愁虑的意思。究竟是什么缘故？因这封书信从文洞仁处寄来，内有“近来忽患吐血毛病，所作《女界灯》小说，万不能届期交到”的话头。柳娟正为这月的报章将要付印，缺这一回小说，安得不着急呢？ 许平权（录入者注：此处许平权并未在场，此为笔误。根据下文（第11回）推测，实际应为沙雪梅。）问明了缘故，即以另一部自任。柳娟方才开心饮酒。

过了两日，居然做成了数章。他的书名叫做《仇书》。柳娟看了，很是佩服。即印在报上了。 不多几日，又来了两位女友。一位姓施名如曌，一位姓岳名月君。二人亦是女界健将。从此六人日日夜夜织革命的方法。未知能革得成否，且听下回分解。

（罗景仁批：此回书中，据《水浒传》等笔法论之，理应许平权出场。但使烈烈轰轰之惊天女子变为冷冷清清之退院老僧，读者未免扫兴。然此回犹只叙沙雪梅，不叙许平权，亦未免喧宾夺主。作者手写甲处，眼注乙处，其笔墨真出乎天、入乎人矣。）

补充资料： 【东阁聆琴】或指卓文君事。 【西厢待月】指《西厢记》，情节为深闺女子与人私奔。可参阅《红楼梦》中贾母批判“才子佳人”一节（第五十四回、五十五回）

录入者注：仇兰芷谐音“仇男子”。施如曌，是如曌，曌指武则天（武曌）。 三层引号的处理办法跟三层书名号的处理办法相同。即当双引号内再有引号时，用单引号；单引号里又有引号时，用双引号。

I get a lot of DMARC reports because I host mail for a couple of domains. Most of these mails require no attention as they are just notifications that others use one of our domains. I want to separate these mails from my normal mail workflow and auto archive them if I haven't looked at them within, say, 2 weeks.

Doing this with sieve server-side has my preference, but apparently it's not trivial to determine the age of a message, which is the core logic needed here. Also, the processing of sieve rules is normally only during reception of messages, not ad-hoc or on some other event, although dovecot and pigeonhole have some options for this, among others the sieve-filter tool.

I really only found one implemenation online which roughly solves the same problem I was having, but this involved more than needed I think.

My solution consists of 3 parts:

1. the sieve script that handles DMARC reports on reception and age-ing;
2. use of an extension that calls an external program to evaluate expressions to determine age;
3. a daily job that runs the sieve script in the scope of the designated folder.

Here's the sieve script which deals with DMARC reports both in the normal INBOX flow and a special treatment after 14 days. The latter part is not automatic by dovecot on reception of emails, but triggered by a run of the sieve-filter program.

require ["date","fileinto","relational","variables","environment","imap4flags",
         "vnd.dovecot.execute", "vnd.dovecot.environment"];

# Parameters
set "dmarc_folder" "Folder.for.dmarc-reports";
set "purge_days" "14";

# Move DMARC notifications when received
if environment :is "vnd.dovecot.default-mailbox" "INBOX" {
  if anyof (
    header :contains "From" "dmarcreport@microsoft.com",
    header :contains "From" "noreply-dmarc-support@google.com",
    header :contains "From" "opendmarc@mail.arctype.co",
    header :contains "From" "opendmarc@box.euandre.org"  )
  {
    addflag "\\Seen";
    fileinto "${dmarc_folder}";
    stop;
  }
}

# When running in the dmarc_folder, archive when age is <purge_days>
if environment :is "vnd.dovecot.default-mailbox" "${dmarc_folder}"
{
  if currentdate :matches "julian" "*"
  {
    # Run a simple bc expresssion to get <purge_days> ago from todays julian day
    execute :output "fourteen_days_ago" "bc" "${1} - ${purge_days}";

    # Compare this with Date header and archive when age reached
    if date :value "le" "Date" "julian" "${fourteen_days_ago}"
    {
      fileinto "Trash";
      stop;
    }
  }
}

The first part of the sieve script just moves the mails into the dmarc-reports folder and is a normal sieve processing rule. The second part runs if the default folder is the dmarc-reports folder. If so, it uses the ext_program extension of the sieve interpreter to let the bc program evaluate the expression for the age of the message.

This uses a tiny script in the configured sieve execute bin directory of the ext_programs extension

#!/bin/sh
echo ${1} | /usr/bin/bc

which just pipes the input given by the sieve line into the bc program. On returning, stdout is put into the fourteen_days_ago variable. I'm using execute because I do not need to pipe the whole message into the external program, but specify input specifically.

With the above configuration I can set a cron job in the crontab of the vmail user to run

sieve-filter -We -u <mymailaccount> \
             /path/to/vmail/mymailaccount/sieve/dmarc-archiver.sieve \
             Folder.for.dmarc-reports

which executes the sieve script mentioned above in the IMAP folder <dmarc_folder> only.

I'm not sure why sieve makes it so difficult to get the age of an email (unless I'm missing something). Protonmail solves this by having a custom extension 'vnd.proton.eval' which does something similar like the above, but in the scope of the sieve language itself without having to shell out to an external program explicitly. (I think; I have not seen their implementation)

My approach above obviously has some drawbacks:

• the bc external program is called for every mail that matches, fine for 10 or 20 I guess, but rather inefficient if the amount of matched messages is big. For now, not a problem.
• unsure what sort of security consequences this has, the execution scope and environment is very limited, but we're still giving control to a script calling other programs.

Dissidenza e guerra Ilya Budraitskis, Piero Maestri – da «Jacobin Italia» n. 15

Ilya Budraitskis, esponente della sinistra radicale russa, ricostruisce la natura imperialista dell’aggressione all’Ucraina e racconta un paese nel quale sono tornate egemoni le vecchie idee della destra più reazionaria. Fin dai primi giorni dell’aggressione all’Ucraina ci sono state prese di posizione nette e iniziative contro la guerra da parte di gruppi dell’opposizione russa. L’importanza di queste iniziative va oltre l’attuale momento di guerra e ci offre la possibilità di guardare cosa accade in Russia «in basso a sinistra». Ilya Budraitskis, attivista della sinistra radicale russa e autore del libro Dissidents among Dissidents uscito all’inizio del 2022 per la casa editrice Verso, è un testimone importante e interessante di questa prospettiva.

In Italia, ma anche in Europa occidentale, siamo abituati a guardare la Russia da una prospettiva geopolitica, cioè attraverso il suo rapporto con le altre potenze (Stati Uniti, Europa, Cina). Di conseguenza leggiamo le politiche dei governi russi solo in funzione di queste relazioni. Come vivono i dissidenti e gli oppositori politici di Putin questa lettura?

Penso che dovremmo parlare dell’attuale guerra, delle ragioni dell’invasione russa dell’Ucraina non solo in termini di geopolitica globale ma anche tenendo conto delle sue radici nei trent’anni di Russia post-sovietica, dell’evoluzione della coscienza dell’elité russa e della complicata relazione tra Russia e Ucraina. Se guardiamo al risultato immediato dell’invasione russa salta all’occhio come la crescente militarizzazione dell’Europa orientale o la possibile adesione alla Nato di paesi come la Finlandia o la Svezia siano risultati immediati della decisione delle autorità russe e non sembra una buona strategia per impedire la crescita della Nato. Come si vede è problematico leggere questa invasione in termini geopolitici, anche perché non si può dire che ci fosse una chiara strategia geopolitica, cioè rivolta alle relazioni internazionali nel loro insieme.

Quali sono le caratteristiche fondamentali della Federazione Russa dal punto di vista economico, politico e internazionale?

La Russia è sicuramente una potenza imperialista. L’imperialismo non è solo una logica puramente economica del capitalismo. C’è un’altra dimensione dell’imperialismo, che David Harvey chiama «logica territoriale». La Russia è soggetta a entrambe le logiche e sono profondamente intrecciate. Le imprese statali russe come Gazprom sono legate a questa logica territoriale. Hanno bisogno di assicurarsi il territorio per l’estrazione e gli accordi politici con gli stati per la spedizione del loro petrolio e gas attraverso gli oleodotti. Il capitale statale e fossile russo, e le loro logiche di imperialismo territoriale ed economico, sono così profondamente integrati che non è chiaro quale sia lo strumento dell’altro. Putin li ha fusi nel suo regime. Ma è un errore vedere il suo regime semplicemente come «capitalismo di stato»: ha concentrato il capitale fossile nelle mani dello stato perché era sia redditizio che strategicamente significativo, ma ha privatizzato quasi tutto il resto, specialmente la fornitura di assistenza sociale come la sanità.

Ideologicamente, il regime di Putin si è evoluto negli ultimi vent’anni. Nel suo primo decennio era per lo più un regime di natura apolitica e tecnocratica, e ha stabilito le basi della sua particolare combinazione di capitalismo di stato e neoliberismo. Nel suo secondo decennio si è sviluppato in una forma molto più ideologicamente nazionalista e autoritaria. Ciò è avvenuto in gran parte in risposta alle proteste democratiche in Russia contro il ritorno al potere di Putin nelle elezioni del 2012. La rivolta di Maidan del 2014 ha intensificato la svolta di Putin verso il nazionalismo anti-rivoluzionario. Ha iniziato a sostenere che lo stato deve difendersi dal cambio di regime. Ha usato queste idee per giustificare l’annessione della Crimea e le cosiddette repubbliche popolari nel Donbas. Ha anche iniziato a coltivare l’idea di un mondo russo, che ha messo in discussione l’esistenza stessa di tutti gli stati post-sovietici, non solo dell’Ucraina. Questo concetto sostiene che i confini della Russia dovrebbero essere quelli del suo vecchio impero ed estendersi a tutti gli stati post-sovietici con grandi popolazioni russofone. Vedendo tutti i russofoni come ostaggi da salvare con l’intervento russo e l’annessione.

Ecco perché mi sono opposto all’annessione della Crimea, nonostante la maggior parte della popolazione l’abbia accolta con favore. Ha creato un precedente di minaccia verso altri paesi. Una volta accettata questa logica, è difficile protestare contro un ulteriore espansionismo russo. Ha messo Putin sulla strada per tentare quello a cui stiamo assistendo oggi: la conquista e la subordinazione dell’Ucraina come una semi-colonia russa.

Durante quest’ultimo decennio, Putin ha anche iniziato a strombazzare i cosiddetti valori tradizionali. Ha resuscitato una tendenza del pensiero conservatore russo del diciannovesimo secolo che vedeva nell’Occidente il terreno di coltura di idee che minacciavano la natura umana divinamente ordinata. Per Putin, lo stato russo è l’ultimo bastione che difende i valori cristiani tradizionali, specialmente la famiglia. Questo lo ha portato a lanciare una crociata propagandistica contro le persone Lgbtq, il femminismo e il liberalismo. Questa crociata non è marginale ma centrale per il suo progetto statale e ideologico. Sperava di usare questi cosiddetti valori tradizionali per coagulare i suoi sostenitori e fornire una risposta alla loro disperazione e senso di vuoto in mezzo alle disuguaglianze della Russia neoliberale.

Al di fuori di questa guerra, quali sono le basi del «putinismo»? Quali le radici del potere di Putin e della sua cerchia politica ed economica?

La prima cosa da dire è che le conseguenze di questa guerra sono già un disastro per l’economia russa: le sanzioni stanno distruggendo tutte le strutture dell’economia costruite durante gli anni del «putinismo». Questa guerra è un disastro anche per il grande business.

Se si guarda la struttura delle sanzioni, che toccano i cosiddetti oligarchi – l’élite russa super ricca – ci rendiamo conto che si basano sull’idea che il grande capitale sia politicamente influente in Russia, che la sua pressione possa in qualche modo fermare Putin dal proseguire la guerra. Ma si tratta di un’idea sbagliata: il grande capitale russo non ha radici profonde nella società russa. La struttura portante del capitalismo russo, la burocrazia statale, è relativamente autonoma e politicamente molto più potente del capitale autoctono. Questa guerra mostra perfettamente questo tipo di relazione tra la burocrazia e la classe capitalista in Russia. La classe capitalista non era e non è politicamente determinante, non ha una diretta influenza sul processo decisionale e non aveva e non ha strumenti politici per evitare questa catastrofe.

In Italia siamo abituati a considerare il presidente russo come un prodotto della geopolitica, una reazione alle pressioni occidentali contro la Russia e per questo non riusciamo a comprendere fino in fondo la ragione del suo crescente potere nella società russa. Che sostegno sociale ha realmente Putin? Ci sono differenze di classe fondamentali tra chi sostiene le politiche del suo governo?

Per la maggior parte della società russa, per le diverse classi sociali – dall’alto verso il basso – l’inizio di questa guerra è stato davvero inaspettato. Non si può dire che ci sia stata una vera e propria preparazione ideologica o politica nei confronti della società russa. Il problema è che la maggior parte della società russa non capisce le reali conseguenze di questa guerra per il paese.

Durante i vent’anni di potere di Putin c’è stato un processo crescente di depoliticizzazione della società, la distruzione di tutte le forme di autorganizzazione, di ogni forma di opposizione politica. In questo senso si può dire che il consenso sociale alla guerra sia stato preparato, in termini di assenza di qualsiasi tipo di resistenza dal basso, perché ogni possibilità di tale resistenza era già stata distrutta in precedenza.

Per quanto riguarda altri settori sociali – in particolare la classe operaia e gli altri «senza potere» – cosa pensano di questa guerra, dell’ideologia che la sorregge e della politica economica di Putin?

Nel momento in cui è iniziata la guerra contro l’Ucraina la classe operaia russa era in gran parte disorganizzata, senza la presenza di sindacati combattivi e reali organizzazioni dei lavoratori – che sono estremamente deboli e non rappresentative della maggioranza della classe operaia russa. Anche questo è il risultato dei vent’anni di governo di Putin e ancor prima del cattivo sviluppo del capitalismo russo in epoca sovietica e del sistema politico russo nel suo insieme.

Se quindi possiamo riconoscere l’esistenza di una classe operaia russa dal punto di vista economico e materiale, sul piano politico è del tutto inefficace e assente. Così il modello del capitalismo russo costruito negli ultimi trent’anni, basato sull’enorme disuguaglianza e su bassissime garanzie sociali per lavoratrici e lavoratori, prepara questi stessi lavoratori a essere solo vittime della situazione. La maggior parte dei lavoratori e delle lavoratrici sono vittime silenziose delle conseguenze di questa guerra.

È importante segnalare anche il carattere classista dell’esercito russo: in Ucraina sono già stati inviati migliaia di soldati russi di leva, giovani per lo più provenienti dalle città di provincia molto povere, dai villaggi dove l’unica opportunità per ottenere un lavoro o costruire qualche prospettiva per il futuro è quella di entrare nell’esercito. È evidente guardando le diverse aree di provenienza dell’alto numero di soldati russi uccisi in Ucraina, con un enorme squilibrio tra Mosca e San Pietroburgo da un lato e le regioni più povere della Russia dall’altro. In generale non ci sono molti soldati provenienti dalle grandi città: è un esercito di poveri, di persone provenienti dalla classe operaia che non hanno altre prospettive nella vita se non quella di arruolarsi. E nonostante che in Russia non ci sia ancora la mobilitazione generale della leva, i vertici militari hanno iniziato grandi campagne per reclutare nuovi volontari per l’esercito: il salario che propongono parte da 500 euro al mese per andare in Ucraina e probabilmente morire lì, ma questi 500, a volte anche 1.000 euro, sembrano uno stipendio fantastico per le regioni da cui proviene la maggior parte di questi soldati.

In Europa occidentale abbiamo qualche notizia sui più famosi dissidenti e oppositori del governo russo, ma sappiamo molto poco dei movimenti sociali e dei soggetti collettivi che si oppongono a Putin. Cosa si sta muovendo all’interno della società russa, sia dal punto di vista dell’opposizione politica diretta che di quella sociale e culturale?

Nelle prime due settimane di guerra ci sono state alcune proteste per le strade di Mosca, San Pietroburgo e poche altre grandi città; i principali partecipanti a queste proteste erano studenti, giovani non sostenuti dal resto della società russa. Chi ha manifestato è stato molto coraggioso e la loro iniziativa è stata molto importante perché ha reso visibile il dissenso esistente nella società russa. Purtroppo questi manifestanti erano abbastanza isolati socialmente e dopo l’ondata di brutale repressione del movimento contro la guerra, la resistenza all’aggressione in Ucraina si esprime soprattutto attraverso azioni individuali molto più clandestine: alcune persone di notte fanno dei graffiti, appendono manifesti o firmano delle petizioni collettive; e ancora, ci sono forme particolari e creative di resistenza, per esempio persone che scrivono sulle banconote slogan contro la guerra. Il sentimento contro la guerra c’è ancora e probabilmente sta anche crescendo, ma non è pubblico, non è offensivo, perché si esprime in un’atmosfera di paura: le persone temono di essere arrestate, di perdere il lavoro, di essere espulse dall’università e così via.

Si tratta di una situazione che potrebbe cambiare abbastanza rapidamente, perché la strategia principale del governo russo è stata quella di presentare questa guerra come un’operazione militare speciale molto rapida – come sapete anche il termine «guerra» non viene utilizzato, è persino proibito dalla legge, in base alla quale si rischia di essere arrestati se si descrive questa guerra come tale. Il governo sta cercando di vendere alla società russa la favola di un’operazione limitata nel tempo dopodiché tutto tornerà alla normalità. Per questo viene coperto il numero reale di perdite, che è davvero enorme. A fine aprile il ministero della difesa ammetteva la morte solamente di 1.300 soldati, un numero già molto grande ma decisamente più basso della realtà. Fonti indipendenti contavano già 16 mila soldati russi morti. Se pensiamo che durante gli otto anni di guerra in Afghanistan negli anni Ottanta erano stati uccisi 15 mila soldati russi, lo stesso numero è stato ora raggiunto in due mesi. Sappiamo bene che per l’Unione sovietica la guerra afghana è stata un fattore molto importante nella diffusione della disillusione verso il governo ed ebbe conseguenze importanti nella stessa fine dell’Urss. Penso quindi che non sarà possibile nascondere la reale portata della guerra alla società russa per un lungo periodo.

Prima della guerra quali erano i principali movimenti di opposizione e dissenso in Russia?

Nei due anni precedenti alla guerra, la maggior parte dell’opposizione organizzata era stata distrutta (specialmente i sostenitori di Naval’nyj); per questo ritengo che al momento dell’invasione dell’Ucraina qualsiasi percorso di dissenso e opposizione legale in Russia fosse già impossibile, questa formazione autocratica e repressiva era già presente e molto forte.

Tuttavia solo pochi mesi prima della guerra, nel settembre del 2021, nelle elezioni parlamentari il Partito comunista ha ottenuto ottimi risultati e una crescita del sostegno elettorale, non tanto per il suo programma o per le posizioni della sua leadership, ma perché appariva l’unica opportunità legale per esprimere una forma di protesta contro il governo. Nonostante la leadership del Partito comunista sia quasi completamente allineata con il Cremlino e giochi un ruolo vergognoso nel sostenere e promuovere questa guerra, ci sono alcune persone anche nel Partito comunista russo che si oppongono alla guerra. Quando è iniziata l’invasione dell’Ucraina solamente alcuni membri del parlamento russo hanno espresso apertamente il loro disaccordo e fatto dichiarazioni contro la guerra e la maggior parte di questi parlamentari erano del Partito comunista.

Per il resto le diverse aree della sinistra russa sono divise rispetto a questa guerra. Da un lato ci sono alcuni gruppi stalinisti che hanno apertamente sostenuto l’invasione con una posizione «antimperialista», perché considerano l’Ucraina uno stato nazista e perché sostengono che questo conflitto è anche contro il capitalismo occidentale e costituisce un’opportunità per una sorta di trasformazione socialista della società. Dall’altro lato esistono gruppi di sinistra antistalinisti e anarchici che si oppongono alla guerra, che hanno giocato un ruolo molto importante nelle mobilitazioni e che continuano la loro attività più o meno in modo clandestino.

Hai appena pubblicato un libro intitolato «Dissidents among Dissidents» (Verso, 2022): qual è l’esperienza storica dei dissidenti di sinistra in Russia?

Penso sia difficile paragonare l’esperienza dei dissidenti ai tempi dell’Unione sovietica e l’opposizione nella Russia di oggi, perché i dissidenti – specialmente i dissidenti socialisti – negli ultimi decenni di esistenza dell’Unione sovietica facevano soprattutto un lavoro intellettuale. Ora la nostra esperienza è diversa, in primo luogo perché il regime attuale non è ovviamente l’Unione sovietica con la sua stabilità e struttura consolidata, ed è basato su una disuguaglianza sociale molto profonda, su una divisione di classe molto evidente. Infatti non c’è un consenso sociale forte per il governo, come invece c’era anche nel periodo finale di esistenza dell’Urss.

Dovremmo imparare dai dissidenti socialisti del passato soprattutto le loro idee politiche, la loro critica verso l’Unione sovietica da una prospettiva marxista e di sinistra. Questa critica è stata molto importante per decostruire l’ideologia dell’élite. Oggi in Russia c’è una miscela ideologica molto eclettica e paradossale di imperialismo, nazionalismo e alcuni elementi di nostalgia sovietica e per questo l’eredità dei dissidenti socialisti ci aiuterà a lavorare e a criticare anche questo tipo di costruzione.

Cosa pensi che succederà nella politica e nella società russa come risultato della guerra in Ucraina? Si apriranno nuove prospettive per le opposizioni e le mobilitazioni potranno tradursi in una forma di soggettività stabile?

Questa guerra è già una sfida molto seria per l’élite russa, una sfida enorme per il modello politico creato da Putin, e se dovesse risolversi in una sconfitta aperta della Russia porterà sicuramente a dei cambiamenti nella società. Naturalmente saranno cambiamenti molto complicati, probabilmente una combinazione di alcune mosse all’interno dell’élite e alcune proteste dal basso. E questa combinazione potrebbe portare a una trasformazione della società russa. Le forze che saranno capaci di affrontare la diseguaglianza sociale e rivendicarne la fine potranno giocare sicuramente un ruolo importante in questi cambiamenti.

Negli ultimi anni sembra che le forme di internazionalismo siano quasi scomparse, a parte il sostegno all’esperienza del Rojava e altre iniziative occasionali di solidarietà con le discriminazioni storiche (soprattutto quella palestinese). In particolare qui in Occidente mancano quasi del tutto i rapporti con le esperienze antiliberiste, libertarie e di sinistra delle società post-sovietiche. Su quali basi pensi sia possibile costruire queste relazioni transnazionali?

In primo luogo la sinistra occidentale dovrebbe riconsiderare la sua visione della Russia, perché negli ultimi anni ci sono stati molti esempi di percezione della Russia come paese «antimperialista» o comunque che resiste all’ordine globale dominato dagli Stati Uniti. Si tratta di un modo per giustificare il regime russo, che non considera la natura di classe del paese e il pericolo dell’imperialismo russo per l’insieme della regione, non solo per l’Ucraina. Una visione e un’analisi completamente fuori strada e che va combattuta. Una visione, oltretutto, che non guarda all’esistenza e alla rappresentanza di paesi come l’Ucraina, gli stati baltici o altre repubbliche post-sovietiche che non attirano interesse e comprensione da parte della sinistra occidentale. Così ora, in Ucraina, dobbiamo considerare quella in corso come una lotta per l’autodeterminazione e l’autodifesa del paese, che dovrebbe essere sostenuta dalla sinistra esattamente come si è sostenuto il Rojava o la resistenza palestinese. Il fatto che il governo ucraino non sia progressista non dovrebbe essere una ragione per negare il sostegno alla loro autodeterminazione. Se vogliamo fare un’analogia, l’attuale direzione della resistenza palestinese da parte di Hamas non è decisamente progressista e di sinistra, ma questo non è un motivo per rifiutare di sostenerla.

Quale pensi possa essere il terreno comune di una relazione tra le sinistre antiliberiste e i movimenti sociali progressisti dell’Europa orientale e occidentale? Che tipo di iniziativa pensi si debba costruire per aiutare questi movimenti a incontrarsi?

In questo momento dobbiamo fare ogni sforzo per aiutare i e le rifugiate ucraine in Europa. Allo stesso tempo va sostenuta apertamente la sinistra ucraina – che esiste anche se è molto piccola – e il movimento russo contro la guerra. La sinistra radicale in Occidente può avere in questo senso un ruolo molto più attivo.

*Piero Maestri, attivista, è stato redattore di «Guerra&Pace» ed è coautore tra l’altro di #GeziPark (Alegre, 2013). Ilya Budraitskis è autore di Dissidents among Dissidents. Ideology, Politics and the Left in Post-Soviet Russia (Verso, 2022). Militante della sinistra radicale russa, scrive regolarmente di politica, arte, cinema e filosofia per le riviste «e-flux», «openDemocracy», «Jacobin» e altre. Insegna alla Scuola di scienze sociali ed economiche di Mosca e all’Istituto di arte contemporanea di Mosca

Dentro de la comunidad de programación competitiva existen varias guías acerca de como mejorar y prepararse resolviendo problemas. Esta pequeña guía pretende hacer algo distinto, una lista de comprobación de cosas que hacer antes y durante una competencia de programación.

Antes del contest

• No tener hambre ni sed
• No tener ganas de ir al baño
• Tener agua u otro bebestible a mano
• Tener snacks a mano por si me de hambre
• Entrar a Codeforces (o el sitio donde se aloje la competencia) e iniciar sesión.
• Abrir un archivo de texto para cada problema con la plantilla a usar para la competencia
• Abrir emulador de terminal en el directorio asignado para la competencia
• Abrir esta lista de comprobación

Al resolver un problema

• Leer el enunciado cuidadosamente
• Determinar exactamente qué es lo que tiene que hacer el programa (matemáticamente si es posible)
• Comprobar límites de la entrada, de tiempo y de memoria

Encontrar la solución

• Buscar patrones (programación dinámica, búsqueda binaria, grafos, etc)
• Reducir a casos sencillos

Implementar la solución

• Escribir grandes pasos
• Escribir el código
• Probar con los casos de ejemplo
• Probar con pequeños casos borde

Si da Wrong Answer

• Probar con distintos casos de prueba en los que conozcamos la salida esperada. Si son grandes, generar los casos con números aleatorios y comparar nuestro programa con una solución de búsqueda exhaustiva
• Inspeccionar el código en busca de errores
• Intentar demostrar la solución
• Cambiar los ints por long longs por si hay un overflow escondido.
• Si todo lo anterior falla, implementar la solución de una forma diferente
• Si aún así nada funciona, cambiar de problema.

Si da TLE/MLE

• Reducir constantes
• Hacer pequeñas optimizaciones (arrays en vez de vectores, uso de variables globales, etc)
• Si aún así nada funciona, cambiar de problema.

Si da RE

• Fijarse en los subíndices de los arrays y vectores
• Evitar divisiones por 0
• Si todo lo anterior falla, implementar la solución de una forma diferente

«Non basta un po’ di pioggia per uscire dall’emergenza»

Intervista ad Antonello Pasini, fisico climatologo del Cnr – di Serena Tarabini, «Il manifesto».

La differenza fra la meteorologia e la climatologia sta nel fatto che mentre la prima studia le caratteristiche «momentanee» del tempo atmosferico in una determinata area geografica, la seconda fa la «media» degli eventi che si svolgono in un arco di tempo di minimo trenta anni. Clima e meteo non vanno quindi confusi e i climatologi stessi sono sempre molto cauti nell’attribuzione degli eventi estremi, ma sono sempre i climatologi a verificare se e quando eventi come il caldo e la siccità che stanno caratterizzando l’Italia e l’Europa in questo momento abbiano dei precedenti, per trarne le relative deduzioni. Ne discutiamo con il professor Antonello Pasini, fisico climatologo del Cnr e docente di fisica del clima e sostenibilità ambientale.

Caldo e siccità, queste condizioni meteorologiche come si inseriscono nelle dinamiche climatiche attuali?

Noi climatologi stiamo osservando che gli eventi siccitosi della portata di quello che ci sta colpendo negli ultimi 10-15 anni hanno assunto una frequenza più alta, quindi sta effettivamente cambiando qualcosa. La stessa cosa riguarda le ondate di calore del Mediterraneo: eravamo abituati a una circolazione che si dirige da ovest verso est, il ben noto anticiclone delle Azzorre, ma da qualche tempo a questa parte ci troviamo alle prese con gli anticicloni africani: quindi anche la circolazione atmosferica è cambiata.

Come si correlano questi due fenomeni con l’innalzamento della temperatura globale dovuto all’intensificarsi dell’effetto serra?

I gas serra intrappolano il calore che la terra dovrebbe riemettere verso l’esterno, e quindi è facile da collegare all’aumento della temperatura media globale. Il problema è che cambiando i flussi di calore e di aria si modificano gli estremi all’interno dei quali questa temperatura varia, in particolar modo nel Mediterraneo. È un rapporto causa-effetto meno diretto, ma lo vediamo dai nostri modelli: la maggior immissione di anidride carbonica unita al minore assorbimento causata dalla diminuzione della copertura vegetale ha amplificato quella che è la circolazione equatoriale-tropicale verso nord: è chiaro che poi quando arriva l’anticiclone di tipo africano, fa più caldo e non piove.

E per quanto riguarda la crisi idrica?

Dal mio punto di vista la causa principale di questa siccità non risiede tanto nell’estate, ma nell’inverno. La riserva idrica per la primavera e l’estate è rappresentata dalla fusione della neve che si è accumulata in inverno. La neve cade a quote sempre più alte: se prima nevicava a 1.400 metri di altitudine ed ora nevica solo fino ai 1.600, quei duecento metri che una volta erano neve, ora sono pioggia, e li abbiamo persi, perché la pioggia si accumula meno e finisce velocemente in mare: la vera ricchezza idrica è la neve che si fonde lentamente. Questo è un fattore molto importante che ci fa anche capire come non bastano quindici giorni di pioggia, quando arriverà, per risolvere quattro mesi di siccità. Anche perché il problema di questi anticicloni è duplice: quando si ritirano, lasciano la strada aperta alle correnti fredde, che quando arrivano su un mare e un suolo surriscaldati possono provocare disastri, come le alluvioni.

Quali sono gli scenari possibili in caso di pioggia?

L’evaporazione intensa dovuta al calore determina piogge violente che quando arrivano trovano un terreno secco che assorbe pochissimo; la maggior parte dell’acqua, quindi, scivola in superficie e in poco tempo, tramite i fiumi, arriva in mare. Anche che se i millimetri di pioggia caduti fossero gli stessi di un anno non siccitoso, gli effetti sul territorio sono diversi, perché la qualità dell’acqua, diciamo così, è diversa.

Quanto è destinata a durare questa situazione anticiclonica?

Mentre in alcune parti del mondo, come l’Africa, è possibile fare previsioni stagionali accurate, sul nostro Mediterraneo è più difficile perché la circolazione a queste latitudini è più variabile e la geografia fisica più complessa; posso però dire che le previsioni stagionali della temperatura estiva formulate dal Centro meteorologico europeo sono sempre più affidabili: secondo gli ultimi dati forniti, il caldo estremo durerà fino ad agosto, con temperature al di sopra della media; per media mi riferisco a quella dell’ultimo periodo, non certo a quella pre-industriale, in tal caso non ci sarebbe da preoccuparsi.

C’è il rischio di un altro 2003?

Non solo, rispetto al 2003 abbiamo addirittura una situazione ancora più siccitosa; nel 2003 fu eccezionale la durata dell’onda di calore, da maggio a settembre, ecco siamo su quei livelli. E comunque in autunno quando questo anticiclone finalmente e ne andrà, rischiamo dei disastri notevolissimi: arrivano delle piogge violente, il mare è caldo e fornisce molto vapore acqueo ed energia all’atmosfera, i territori sono provati dalla siccità e dall’eccesso di calore: ci sono tutti i termini dell’equazione dei disastri che ho utilizzato in un mio libro per descrivere gli impatti dei cambiamenti climatici: quell’interazione di fattori che incide sull’esposizione al rischio nostra e delle nostre risorse. Dobbiamo stare attenti anche da qui a dieci giorni per quanto riguarda il nord Italia, quando è possibile che l’anticiclone cominci a cedere e che arrivino dei temporali violenti.

Lei è un osservatore non solo dei fenomeni fisici ma anche di quelli politico-sociali: che «clima» si respira?

Come sempre si rischia di agire solo in maniera emergenziale. Se non agiamo sulla base di un ragionamento a lungo termine, almeno trenta anni, questo problema non lo risolviamo. Queste ondate di calore e siccità ce le ritroveremo anche nel futuro: con la temperatura non si torna indietro, tant’è vero che l’obiettivo degli accordi di Parigi è il contenimento dell’aumento al di sotto di 1,5 gradi. Adesso siamo attorno a 1,2, una situazione ancora gestibile: dobbiamo evitare di andare oltre, perché diventerebbe ingestibile. Il che non può succedere se andiamo avanti con lo stesso modello di sviluppo. Questa situazione ci fa vedere che la possibilità di adattamento ha dei limiti: una volta superati, non c’è più nulla da fare. La dinamica naturale è lenta, ma inesorabile. Prendiamo per esempio i ghiacciai alpini: quello che vediamo è che la loro estensione e il loro volume non sono in equilibrio con la temperatura attuale, questo vuol dire che stanno ancora rispondendo al riscaldamento degli ultimi trenta-quaranta anni; i nostri modelli ci mostrano che se anche la temperatura rimanesse quella di adesso, i nostri ghiacciai alpini perderebbero il 30% della superficie e del volume. Se continuiamo come se nulla fosse, dal 30% passiamo al 95 e a quel punto è chiaro che non c’è adattamento possibile. Dobbiamo agire ora per vedere i risultati fra 20 anni. Pensiamoci quando parliamo di tornare alle centrali a carbone.

fonte: https://ilmanifesto.it/non-basta-un-po-di-pioggia-per-uscire-dallemergenza

(testo di Margherita Hack da Pietro Musilli)

La storia delle donne nella cultura e nella vita civile è stata una storia di emarginazione fino alla fine dell'Ottocento e in gran parte ancora fino alla metà del Novecento, almeno nei paesi industrializzati. In molti paesi in via di sviluppo, salvo rare eccezioni, le donne sono ben lontane non solo dall'aver raggiunto la parità con l'altro sesso, ma anche dal vedere loro riconosciuti i più elementari diritti di esseri umani. Quali possono essere le cause di questa situazione che risale indietro nei secoli? Forse già nelle epoche preistoriche, la forza fisica necessaria per sopravvivere, le numerose gravidanze e il lungo periodo di allattamento e di cura della prole hanno portato alla differenziazione dei compiti. Oggi, i progressi della scienza e della medicina, e le conseguenti applicazioni tecnologiche hanno annullato la condanna biblica – uomo lavorerai con fatica, donna partorirai con dolore – almeno nei paesi industrializzati. Per secoli le donne che potevano avere accesso all'istruzione erano quelle rinchiuse nei conventi. Forse per questo le donne che sono emerse nel passato erano soprattutto umaniste, pittrici, scrittrici, poetesse, ma molto più raramente scienziate. Infatti chi ha attitudini artistiche o letterarie può emergere anche senza una preparazione specifica, mentre le scienze, e in particolare le cosiddette scienze “dure” come matematica e fisica richiedono una preparazione di base, senza la quale è quasi impossibile progredire. Solo quelle poche favorite dall'avere un padre, un fratello o un marito scienziato disposto a condividere le proprie cognizioni, potevano farsi una cultura scientifica. Basta ricordare che ancora all'inizio del XX secolo in molti paesi europei alle ragazze era precluso l'accesso alle università ed anche ai licei. Perciò le donne, escluse dalle università, escluse dall'educazione scientifica, sono emerse là dove potevano emergere. Così è sorto il pregiudizio secondo cui le donne sarebbero più adatte alle materie letterarie e linguistiche che non a quelle scientifiche. Le stesse ragazze crescono in mezzo a questi pregiudizi e se ne lasciano influenzare, e scelgono le facoltà umanistiche anche contro le loro naturali inclinazioni, contribuendo così a rafforzare i pregiudizi stessi. Comunque oggi cresce sempre di più il numero di ragazze che scelgono materie ritenute tipicamente maschili come ingegneria. Malgrado le difficoltà incontrate, non sono poche le scienziate che hanno portato importanti contributi allo sviluppo della scienza. La storia ci tramanda i nomi di alcune famose scienziate. Ce ne furono una ventina nell'antichità, fra cui emerge il nome della matematica Ipazia; solo una decina nel medioevo, soprattutto nei conventi, quasi nessuna tra il 1400 e il 1500, 16 nel 1600, 24 nel 1700, 108 nel 1800. Oggi solo nel campo dell'astronomia sono più di 2000, ed in ogni campo dei sapere le ricercatrici universitarie superano il 50%, con punte dell'80% nelle facoltà umanistiche, del 60% in quelle di scienze biologiche, dal 30 al 40% nelle scienze abiologiche, più dei 50% nelle matematiche, mentre sono ancora al di sotto dei 20% in facoltà come ingegneria e agraria. Fra le matematiche va ricordata la già citata Ipazia (370-415 d.C.), figlia del matematico e filosofo Teone. Diventò capo di una scuola platonica di Alessandria d'Egitto frequentata da molti giovani. Fu uccisa barbaramente da un gruppo di fanatici cristiani, forse anche perché tanta genialità matematica in una donna poteva sembrare indice di empietà. Nel 1700 Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718-1799) fu la prima donna ad essere chiamata a ricoprire una cattedra universitaria, all'Università di Bologna, e Sophie Germain (1776-1831) fu una riconosciuta esperta di teoria dei numeri e di fisica. Nel XIX secolo ci sono numerose grandi matematiche, fra le quali emergono soprattutto Sofia Kovaleskaja (1850-1891), professore all'Università di Stoccolma, e Emmy Noether (1882-1935), fondatrice dell'Algebra moderna. Fra le matematiche italiane di questo secolo ricordo Pia Nalli (1866-1964) professore ordinario di analisi matematica all'università di Cagliari e poi di Catania; Maria Pastori (1895-1975) ordinario di Meccanica Razionale all'università di Messina, Maria Cibrario Cinquini (1905-1992), ordinario di Analisi matematica a Cagliari e professore emerito dell'università di Pavia, Maria Biggiogero Masotti ordinario di geometria presso il Politecnico di Milano. Fra le fisiche e le astrofisiche vanno ricordate, naturalmente Marie Sklodwska Curie (1867-1934), premio Nobel per la fisica nel 1903 e per la chimica nel 1911, e prima donna professore alla Sorbona e la figlia Irene Curie (1897-1956) premio Nobel per la chimica nel 1935; Lise Meitner (1878-1856) premio Nobel per la chimica nel 1935 la quale scopre il fenomeno della fissione nucleare ed è la prima donna ad avere una cattedra universitaria di fisica in Germania; Marie Goeppert Mayer (1906-1968) premio Nobel per la fisica nel 1963 per la sua teoria sui “numeri magici” che determinano la stabilità degli atomi; Wu Chieng-Shiung (1913-1997), professore di fisica alla Columbia University, scopritrice della non conservazione della parità nelle interazioni deboli. Fra le astronome e astrofisiche va ricordata Caroline Herschel (1750-1848) che insieme al fratello William iniziò lo studio fisico del cielo, occupandosi di quello sfondo di stelle fino allora considerato poco più di uno scenario su cui si muovevano i pianeti. A loro si deve lo studio delle nubi interstellari, la scoperta di regioni apparentemente prive di stelle, che oggi sappiamo essere regioni ricche di polveri che ci nascondono le stelle retrostanti, e lo studio della distribuzione delle stelle sulla volta celeste. Maria Mitchell (1818-1889) è stata la prima famosa astronoma americana, docente di astronomia al Vassar College e direttrice dell'osservatorio, che ha preso il suo nome. Un terzetto di astronome americane che hanno legato il loro nome a scoperte e ricerche fondamentali per la moderna astrofisica sono Henrietta Swan Leavitt (1868-1921), Anne Cannon (1863-1941) e Antonia Maury (1866-1952). La prima scoprì la relazione che lega il periodo di variazione di luce di una classe di stelle variabili dette “Cefeidi” al loro splendore assoluto, facendo di questa classe di stelle uno dei migliori mezzi per la determinazione delle distanze delle galassie. Alla seconda si deve la classificazione degli spettri di più di 225.000 stelle; il risultato del suo lavoro è raccolto nel poderoso catalogo “Henry Draper” (dal nome dei finanziatone dell'opera) che è ancora oggi largamente consultato. La terza scoprì alcune caratteristiche degli spettri stellari, che permettevano di stabilire lo splendore assoluto di una stella, e quindi – misurato lo splendore apparente – risalire alla distanza. Essa ha anticipato di almeno due decenni il metodo di determinazione delle distanze dal semplice studio dello spettro. Una grande astrofisica, iniziatrice dei metodi di studio delle atmosfere stellari e della determinazione della loro composizione chimica è stata Cecilia Payne Gaposchkin (1890-1979). Iniziatrice dello studio dell'evoluzione chimica della Galassia è stata una giovane astrofisica, scomparsa prematuramente, Beatrice Tinsley (1941-1981). Oggi sono numerosissime le astrofisiche di fama internazionale che guidano gruppi di ricerca nei più svariati campi, dalla fisica stellare alla cosmologia, e delle più svariate nazionalità. Si può stimare che in tutto il mondo rappresentino dal 25 al 30% di tutti gli astronomi e astrofisici. Altrettanto numerose sono le scienziate nel campo della biologia e delle scienze mediche, molte insignite di premio Nobel. Per tutte ricordiamo Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909) premio Nobel per la medicina nel 1986. Sebbene oggi i contributi delle donne alla scienza vengano riconosciuti, resta il fatto che le scienziate per emergere devono generalmente lavorare di più dei loro colleghi e devono ancora superare numerosi pregiudizi, che, contrariamente a quanto si crede, sono maggiori nei paesi anglosassoni che non in quelli latini. Spesso mi viene chiesto se ho incontrato molte difficoltà nel corso della mia vita scientifica. Ritengo che molti degli ostacoli di cui si lamentano parecchie ricercatrici dipende anche dall'educazione ricevuta che, almeno fino a qualche decennio fa, tendeva a fare delle bambine persone arrendevoli e servizievoli, poco combattive e desiderose di protezione. Oggi mi sembra che le cose vadano cambiando, la vita e l'educazione comune a bambini e bambine li lascia più liberi di sviluppare le proprie attitudini naturali, senza imporre loro condizionamenti dovuti al sesso. Io ho avuto la fortuna di avere una famiglia in cui babbo e mamma erano perfettamente eguali, si dividevano i compiti in piena parità, e che non mi hanno mai imposto comportamenti o giocattoli legati a stereotipi sessuali. Anche lo sport che ho praticato per parecchi anni mi ha aiutato a sviluppare quella competitività che e necessaria per riuscire nell'atletica come nella scienza, per vincere sportivamente, allenandosi e studiando e avendo la costanza di perseguire lo scopo di battere un record o di ottenere un risultato scientifico, senza scoraggiarsi davanti agli insuccessi, perseverando con costanza. Credo perciò che l'ambiente familiare in cui ho avuto la fortuna di nascere sia stato estremamente importante per darmi fiducia nelle mie possibilità, e per non provare complessi di inferiorità che ho spesso notato in colleghe della mia generazione e anche più giovani. Malgrado i grandi progressi fatti dalle donne, ci sono ancora notevoli disparità nel mondo del lavoro, della politica e della ricerca. Nelle università per esempio le ricercatrici sono ormai più della metà di tutti i ricercatori, ma appena si passa al livello superiore, quello dei professori associati, le donne sono meno del 30% e al più alto livello dei professori ordinari sono appena il 10%. In politica è a tutti nota la scarsa rappresentanza femminile alla Camera dei deputati e al Senato. Al governo dei comuni sono ancora una minoranza le donne sindaco, mentre sono frequenti gli assessorati alla cultura assegnati a donne, il che mi fa malignamente pensare quanta poca importanza i politici tendono ancora a dare alla cultura, ritenuta un trascurabile centro di potere locale. Quasi sempre si attribuisce questa scarsa presenza femminile nei livelli più alti all'impegno familiare, alle cure dei marito e dei figli, e si chiede un maggiore impegno dello stato nel fornire asili nido, scuole materne, scuole a tempo pieno. Giustissimo! Però rarissimamente si afferma il diritto delle donne e il dovere degli uomini di dividersi al 50% le cure familiari, dalle più umili alle più importanti, anche se la legislazione familiare dà alle donne la possibilità di rivendicare questa reale parità. Sta alle giovani donne educare i propri compagni e ai giovani uomini di incitare le loro compagne ad affermarsi nella vita. Comunque ritengo che il crescente numero di donne affermate nella scienza, nella politica, nello sport e in tutti i campi dell'attività umana fornisca quei modelli che finora mancavano alle bambine, e che possono dar loro fiducia e stimoli ad eguagliarle.

Troppe ferite di parole sconnesse dagli atti E di atti divisi dal cuore Mi rinchiudono in un'armatura di doloroso silenzio

I trasporti, il calore, gli abbandoni Per chi scalerà i muri delle mie paure E attraverserà il fossato della mia solitudine

Free Lunch

This is a list of free Windows software for normal users. It will be updated from time to time.

Please note the following points:

• This list contains the great built-in apps in Windows.
• Strikethrough text is used to show that something is not recommended. These apps aren't private or reliable enough compared to similar apps, although they are cool!
• Some apps could possibly infringe copyright or other laws.
• Microsoft Store Apps may not have all the features of Desktop Apps.
• When you use a piece of software, please check its privacy policy. Many software privacy policies may have changed over time, and I don't have enough time to check them. In addition, some software has not been updated for a long time, which may pose a security risk.
• – Microsoft Store
• – Repository
• – Open Source license compliant
• ❤️ – My Favorites

Mirrors

• Github: https://github.com/auctors/free-lunch
• Codeberg: https://codeberg.org/auctor/free-lunch
• Qua: https://qua.name/auctor/free-lunch

Contents

• Artificial Intelligence
• Audio
  • Audio Editors
  • Audio Players
  • Music Production
  • Music Streaming
  • Music Tag Editors
  • Sound Equalizers
  • Volume Control
  • Others
• Backup and Sync
  • Cloud Storage
  • Others
• Browsers and Extensions
  • Browsers
  • Extensions
    • New Tab Page
    • Privacy Extensions
    • Bookmark Managers
    • Others
• Communication
  • Email
    • Email Clients
    • Email Forwarding Services
    • Email Providers
    • Temporary Email Services
  • IM
  • Social Media
• Development
  • Statistical Analysis
  • Terminal Emulators
  • Text Editors
  • Others
• Downloaders
  • Download Managers
  • Media Downloaders
  • Torrent Clients
• Education
  • Online Education Services
  • Reference Management
  • Translators
  • Others
• File Management
  • Duplicate File Finders
  • File Archivers
  • File Converters
  • File Managers
  • File Renamers
• File Sharing
  • File Sharing Web Apps
  • LAN File Sharing
  • Others
• Games and Tools
  • Game Launchers
  • Game Stores
  • Games
  • Gaming Utilities
• Graphics
  • 2D and 3D
  • Design Tools
  • Digital Painting
  • Image Editors
  • Image Optimizers
  • Image Viewers
  • OCR
  • Pixel Editors
  • Remove Image Background
  • Screen Annotation Tools
  • Screen Recorders
  • Screenshot
  • VTuber
  • Webcam Recorders
  • Whiteboards
  • Others
• Health and Fitness
• Network and Admin
  • Network Monitors
  • Remote Desktop
  • Screen Sharing
  • Virtualization
  • Others
• News and Books
  • Books
  • News
• Online Services
  • App Discovery Services
  • Privacy and Security Guides
  • Search Engines
  • Secret Sharing
  • Survey Tools
  • URL Shorteners
  • Others
• Personal Finance
• Personalization
  • Desktop Mascot
  • Taskbar Tweakers
  • Wallpaper Management
  • Others
• Privacy and Security
  • Antivirus
  • Decentralized Networks
  • Encryption Tools
    • Disk Encryption Tools
    • Steganography Tools
    • Others
  • Firewalls
  • Password Managers
  • Remove EXIF Data
  • System Tweakers
  • VPN
  • Others
• Productivity
  • Automation
  • Calendars
  • Clipboard Managers
  • File Search
  • Journaling
  • Markdown Editors
  • Mind Mapping
  • Note Taking
  • Office
  • PDF Editors
  • Task Management
  • Time Tracking
  • Weather
  • Writing Tools
  • Others
• Utilities
  • Application Launchers
  • Context Menu Managers
  • Disk Imaging
  • Disk Usage Analyzers
  • File Recovery
  • File Shredders
  • Hardware Monitoring
    • Fan Control
    • RGB Lighting Control
    • Others
  • Mouse and Keyboard Sharing
  • Package Managers
  • Screen Dimmers
  • System Administration
  • Window Managers
  • Others
• Video
  • Media Servers
  • Subtitles Tools
  • Video Converters
  • Video Editors
  • Video Players
  • Video Streaming
  • Watch Videos Together
  • Others

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Artificial Intelligence

• Fooocus – Focus on prompting and generating.
• GPT4All – GPT4All runs large language models (LLMs) privately on everyday desktops & laptops.
• Jan – An open source alternative to ChatGPT that runs 100% offline on your computer.
• KoboldCpp – An easy-to-use AI text-generation software for GGML and GGUF models, inspired by the original KoboldAI.
• Stability Matrix – Multi-Platform Package Manager for Stable Diffusion.

Audio

Audio Editors

• ❤️ Audacity – An easy-to-use, multi-track audio editor and recorder.
• AudioMass – Free full-featured web-based audio & waveform editing tool.
• ❤️ Tenacity – An easy-to-use, privacy-friendly, FLOSS, cross-platform multi-track audio editor/recorder.
• ❤️ fre:ac – A free audio converter and CD ripper with support for various popular formats and encoders.

Audio Players

• ❤️ AIMP – A full-featured music player.
• DeaDBeeF – A modular cross-platform audio player.
• Dopamine – An elegant audio player which tries to make organizing and listening to music as simple and pretty as possible.
• ❤️ foobar2000 – An advanced freeware audio player.
• Harmonoid – Elegant music app to play & manage music library.
• Moosync – A customizable desktop music player with a clean interface.
• Museeks – A simple, clean and cross-platform music player.
• ❤️ MusicBee – A music manager and player.
• Musicpod – Music, radio, television and podcast player for Ubuntu, Windows, MacOs and Android.
• Strawberry Music Player – A music player and music collection organizer.
• Tauon Music Box – The desktop music player from the future!
• CPOD – A simple, beautiful podcast app.

Music Production

• AudioStellar – Open source data-driven musical instrument for latent sound structure discovery and music experimentation.
• BeepBox – An online tool for sketching and sharing instrumental melodies.
• Bespoke Synth – Bespoke is a software modular synthesizer.
• Helio Workstation – One music sequencer for all major platforms, desktop and mobile.
• Jamulus – A networked music performance software allowing musicians to rehearse, perform and play in real-time.
• ❤️ LMMS – Cross-platform music production software.
• ❤️ Mixxx – Free DJ software that gives you everything you need to perform live mixes.
• ❤️ MuseScore – Create, playback, and print sheet music for free.
• OpenMPT (ModPlug Tracker) – Sample-based music production program in the style of trackers such as Impulse Tracker and FastTracker.
• Sonic Pi – A code-based music creation and performance tool.

Music Streaming

• Cider – An open source and community oriented Apple Music client.
• Lofi – A mini Spotify player with WebGL visualizations.
• muffon – Music streaming browser.
• ❤️ nuclear – Streaming music player that finds free music for you.
• Spotube – A lightweight free Spotify crossplatform-client which handles playback manually, streams music using Youtube & no Spotify premium account is needed.
• YouTube Music Desktop – A Desktop App for YouTube Music.
• YouTube Music – YouTube Music Desktop App bundled with custom plugins (and built-in ad blocker / downloader).

Music Tag Editors

• Kid3 – An open-source cross-platform audio tag editor for many audio file formats.
• Mp3tag – A powerful and easy-to-use tool to edit metadata of audio files.
• ❤️ MusicBrainz Picard – An open-source cross-platform music tagger.
• OneTagger – The ultimate music tagger for DJs.

Sound Equalizers

• ❤️ Equalizer APO – A system-wide equalizer.
• FxSound – A digital audio program built for Windows PC's.
• ❤️ Peace Equalizer – A Windows PC interface for Equalizer APO.

Volume Control

• ❤️ EarTrumpet – A powerful volume control app for Windows.
• SoundSwitch – SoundSwitch offers you the opportunity to switch your playback and recording devices using simple hotkeys.
• Volumey – Volume mixer that allows you to set up global hotkeys to control your Windows audio system.
• WinMute – WinMute can automatically mute all sound devices on your PC.

Others

• AirConnect – Use AirPlay to stream to UPnP/Sonos & Chromecast devices.
• AirPodsDesktop – AirPods desktop user experience enhancement program.
• Audio Band – Display and control songs from the Windows taskbar.
• AudioPlaybackConnector – Bluetooth audio playback (A2DP Sink) connector for Windows 10 2004+.
• Buzz – Transcribe and translate audio offline on your personal computer.
• Carla – A fully-featured audio plugin host, with support for many audio drivers and plugin formats.
• Figaro – Real-time open-source voice modification program & sound board.
• Friture – An application to visualize and analyze live audio data in real-time.
• Mechvibes – Adds sound feedback any keyboard.
• MicMute – Control your microphone using keyboard and mouse hotkeys.
• Neothesia – Flashy Synthesia Like Software For Linux, Windows and macOS.
• Piano Trainer – A music practice program w/ MIDI support.
• projectM – The most advanced open-source music visualizer.
• Real-time Noise Suppression Plugin – Noise suppression plugin based on Xiph's RNNoise.
• Sonic Visualiser – Visualisation, analysis, and annotation of music audio recordings.
• SonoBus – A real-time network audio streaming collaboration tool.
• Soundux – A cross-platform soundboard that features a simple user interface.
• Spek – Free Acoustic Spectrum Analyser.
• SpleeterGUI – Music source separation desktop app.
• Sunamu – Show your currently playing song in a stylish way!
• Audio Share – Audio Share can share Windows/Linux computer's audio to Android phone over network, so your phone becomes the speaker of computer.
• swyh-rs – Stream What You Hear written in rust, inspired by SWYH.
• VB-CABLE – VB-CABLE is a virtual audio device working as virtual audio cable.

Backup and Sync

Cloud Storage

• ❤️ Ente Photos – End-to-end encrypted alternative to Google Photos / iCloud Photos, that makes it easy to backup and share photos and videos.
• ❤️ Nextcloud – A suite of client-server software for creating and using file hosting services.
• ❤️ MEGA – A secure, user-controlled end-to-end encrypted cloud storage and communications service with 20 GB free storage space.
• ❤️ Proton Drive – Secure your files, documents and photos with end-to-end encryption.
• ❤️ Sync – A file storage and document collaboration platform.
• ❤️ Tresorit – Tresorit is the ultra-secure place in the cloud to store, sync, and share files within your organization and with external partners.
• Internxt Drive – A zero-knowledge cloud storage service based on best-in-class privacy and security.

Others

• Cyberduck – A libre FTP, SFTP, WebDAV, S3, Backblaze B2, Azure & OpenStack Swift browser.
• Duplicacy – A new generation cloud backup tool.
• Duplicati – Store securely encrypted backups in the cloud!
• FreeFileSync – Folder comparison and synchronization software that creates and manages backup copies of all your important files.
• Kopia – A simple, cross-platform tool for managing encrypted backups in the cloud.
• ❤️ Rclone – A command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers.
• restic – Fast, secure, efficient backup program.
• ❤️ Syncthing – A continuous file synchronization program.
• ❤️ ChoEazyCopy – Simple and powerful RoboCopy GUI.
• Ultracopier – Ultracopier acts as a replacement for files copy dialogs.
• Ludusavi – A tool for backing up your PC video game save data.

Browsers and Extensions

Browsers

• ❤️ Brave – A fast, private and secure web browser.
• Chromium – The free and open-source project behind Google Chrome.
• ❤️ Firefox – Get the browser that protects what’s important.
• ❤️ LibreWolf – A fork of Firefox, focused on privacy, security and freedom.
• ❤️ Mullvad Browser – Privacy-focused browser for Linux, macOS and Windows.
• ❤️ Tor Browser – A web broswer that anonymizes your web traffic using the Tor network.
• Min – A fast, minimal browser that protects your privacy.

Extensions

New Tab Page

• Mue – Fast, open and free-to-use new tab page for modern browsers.
• nightTab – A neutral new tab page accented with a chosen colour.
• Tabliss – A beautiful, customisable New Tab page for Firefox and Chrome.

Privacy Extensions

• AdNauseam – Fight back against advertising surveillance.
• ClearURLs – This extension will automatically remove tracking elements from URLs to help protect your privacy when browsing the Internet.
• ❤️ FastForward – FastForward automatically skips annoying link shorteners.
• ❤️ LibRedirect – A web extension that redirects popular sites to alternative privacy-friendly frontends and backends.
• ❤️ LocalCDN – A web browser extension that emulates Content Delivery Networks to improve your online privacy.
• Mailvelope – Browser extension for OpenPGP encryption with Webmail.
• ❤️ uBlock Origin – An efficient blocker for Chromium and Firefox. Fast and lean.
• uBO Lite – uBO Lite (uBOL) is a permission-less content blocker based on the MV3 API.

Bookmark Managers

• Floccus – Sync your bookmarks privately across browsers.
• Sidebery – Firefox extension for managing tabs and bookmarks in sidebar.
• xBrowserSync – Free and open source tool for syncing your browser data between browsers and devices whilst maintaining your privacy and anonymity.

Others

• ❤️ Automa – A chrome extension for automating your browser by connecting blocks.
• BetterViewer – A replacement for the image viewing mode built into Firefox and Chrome-based web browsers.
• ❤️ Dark Reader – Dark Reader analyzes web pages and aims to reduce eyestrain while browsing the web.
• Gesturefy – A customizable Firefox mouse gesture add-on with a variety of different commands.
• Marinara – A time management assistant for Chrome that follows the Pomodoro Technique.
• ❤️ Omni – The all-in-one tool to supercharge your productivity keyboard.
• Read Aloud – A Text to Speech Voice Reader extension for your browser!
• ❤️ Screenity – The most powerful screen recorder & annotation tool for Chrome.
• Search by Image – A browser extension that makes effortless reverse image searches possible, and comes with support for more than 30 search engines.
• ❤️ Translate Web Pages – Translate your page in real time using Google or Yandex.
• uBlacklist – Blocks specific sites from appearing in Google search results.
• Unclutter – A modern reader mode and article library for your browser.
• ❤️ Violentmonkey – An open source userscript manager.
• Web Scrobbler – Web Scrobbler helps online music listeners to scrobble their playback history.

Communication

Email

Email Clients

• Delta Chat – Chat over e-mail.
• Mailspring – A beautiful, fast and fully open source mail client.
• ❤️ Thunderbird – A free email application that’s easy to set up and customize.
• Wino Mail – Built-in Mail & Calendars app clone for Windows.

Email Forwarding Services

• ❤️ AnonAddy – Anonymous Email Forwarding.
• ❤️ Firefox Relay – Keep your email safe from hackers and trackers.
• ❤️ SimpleLogin – Receive and send emails anonymously.

Email Providers

• ❤️ Protonmail – An email provider/service that respects privacy and puts people first.
• ❤️ Tuta – A secure email service.

Temporary Email Services

• AdGuard Temp Mail – Free temporary and disposable email generator.
• Burner.kiwi – No bullshit temporary mail service written in Go.
• Guerrilla Mail – A disposable email.
• MailDrop – A quick, disposable email.

IM

• ❤️ Element – Secure and independent communication, connected via Matrix.
• Session – An end-to-end encrypted messenger.
• ❤️ Signal – A messaging app with an unexpected focus on privacy, combined with all the features expected from a modern IM app.
• ❤️ SimpleX – The first messenger without user IDs.
• Ferdium – A desktop app that helps you organize how you use your favourite apps by combining them into one application.
• Hamsket – Free messaging and emailing app that combines common web applications into one.
• Jitsi Meet – Free Jitsi Meet instance, provising state-of-the-art video conferencing.
• Revolt – User-first chat platform built with modern web technologies.

Social Media

• Glimesh – A next generation live streaming platform built by the community, for the community.
• LBRY – A decentralized video sharing network.
• ❤️ PeerTube – A free, decentralized and federated video platform.
• Lemmy – A link aggregator / Reddit clone for the fediverse.
• ❤️ Mastodon – Globally interconnected microblogging community.
• ❤️ WriteFreely – A clean, simple publishing platform made for writers.

Development

Statistical Analysis

• GNU PSPP – A program for statistical analysis of sampled data. It is a free as in freedom replacement for the proprietary program SPSS.
• gretl – A cross-platform software package for econometric analysis, written in the C programming language.
• jamovi – A free and open statistics package, which is easy to use, and designed to be familiar to users of SPSS.
• JASP – JASP is an open-source statistics program that is free, friendly, and flexible.
• RStudio – RStudio provides open source and enterprise-ready professional software for data science.

Terminal Emulators

• Fluent Terminal – A Terminal Emulator based on UWP and web technologies.
• PowerShell – A task-based command-line shell and scripting language built on .NET.
• Rio terminal – A hardware-accelerated GPU terminal emulator focusing to run in desktops and browsers.
• Tabby – A highly configurable terminal emulator, SSH and serial client.
• WezTerm – GPU-accelerated cross-platform terminal emulator and multiplexer made with Rust.
• WindTerm – A professional cross-platform SSH/Sftp/Shell/Telnet/Serial terminal.
• Windows Terminal – A modern, fast, efficient, powerful, and productive terminal application for users of command-line tools and shells like Command Prompt, PowerShell, and WSL.
• Oh My Posh – A prompt theme engine for any shell.

Text Editors

• Brackets – Brackets is a modern text editor that makes it easy to design in the browser.
• GNU Emacs – An extensible, customizable, free/libre text editor — and more.
• Heynote – A dedicated scratchpad for developers.
• ❤️ Kate – A multi-document text editor.
• Lapce – Lightning-fast and Powerful Code Editor written in Rust.
• Lite XL – A lightweight text editor written in Lua.
• ❤️ Notepad++ – A free source code editor and Notepad replacement that supports several languages.
• ❤️ Notepads – A modern, lightweight text editor with a minimalist design.
• Pulsar – A Community-led Hyper-Hackable Text Editor, Forked from Atom, built on Electron.
• Visual Studio Code – A free, lightweight, and extensible code editor.
• ❤️ VSCodium – A community-driven, freely-licensed binary distribution of Microsoft’s editor VS Code.

Others

• ❤️ adb – A programming tool used for the debugging of Android-based devices.
• ❤️ DevToys – A Swiss Army knife for developers.
• GitButler – Git branch management tool, built from the ground up for modern workflows.
• Gitnuro – A FOSS Git multiplatform client for newbies and pros.
• massCode – A free and open source code snippets manager for developers.
• WinMerge – An Open Source differencing and merging tool for Windows.
• freeCodeCamp.org – Learn to code for free with millions of other people around the world.
• The Odin Project – An open-source curriculum for learning full-stack web development.

Downloaders

Download Managers

• AB Download Manager – A Download Manager that speeds up your downloads.
• AriaNg-Native – A better aria2 desktop frontend than AriaNg, containing all features of AriaNg and more features for desktop.
• Free Download Manager – A powerful modern download accelerator and organizer.
• Gopeed – A modern download manager that supports all platforms.
• JDownloader – A free, open-source download management tool.
• Motrix – A full-featured download manager.
• Persepolis – A download manager & a GUI for Aria2.
• XDM – Powerfull download accelerator and video downloader.

Media Downloaders

• cobalt – A media downloader that doesn't piss you off.
• Streamlink – A CLI utility which pipes video streams from various services into a video player.
• Lux – A fast and simple video downloader built with Go.
• You-Get – A tiny command-line utility to download media contents (videos, audios, images) from the Web.
• youtube-dl – Command-line program to download videos from YouTube.com and other video sites.
• ❤️ YT-DLP – A youtube-dl fork with additional features and fixes.
• Hitomi Downloader – Desktop utility to download images/videos/music/text from various websites, and more.
• Media Downloader – A Qt/C++ front end to youtube-dl.
• Open Video Downloader – A cross-platform GUI for youtube-dl made in Electron and node.js.
• Tartube – A GUI front-end for youtube-dl.
• Video Downloader – A video and channel downloader that supports 110 websites.
• YoutubeDownloader – An application that lets you download videos from YouTube.
• HakuNeko – A cross-platform downloader for manga and anime from various websites.
• N_m3u8DL-CLI – A command line tool for downloading m3u8.
• SCrawler – Media downloader from any sites, including Twitter, Reddit, Instagram, TikTok, PornHub, XHamster, XVIDEOS etc.
• SpotiFlyer – Kotlin Multiplatform Music Downloader ,supports Spotify, Youtube, Gaana, Jio-Saavn and SoundCloud.
• Twitch Leecher – An extremely fast and easy to use Twitch VOD downloader.
• Ytmdl – A simple app to get songs from YouTube in mp3 format with artist name, album name etc from sources like iTunes, Spotify, LastFM, Deezer, Gaana etc.
• gallery-dl – Command-line program to download image galleries and collections from several image hosting sites.

Torrent Clients

• Instant.io – Streaming file transfer over WebTorrent (torrents on the web).
• PicoTorrent – A tiny and minimal BitTorrent client.
• PikaTorrent – A modern, simple, connected, and electric BitTorrent app.
• ❤️ qBittorrent – qBittorrent aims to be a good alternative to all other bittorrent clients out there.
• ❤️ Transmission – A fast, easy, and free BitTorrent client.
• WebTorrent – The streaming torrent app.

Education

Online Education Services

• Coursera – Free and paid courses on a wide variety of subjects from scholastic to technical and more.
• edX – Free online courses by Harvard, MIT.
• Khan Academy – A personalized learning resource for all ages.

Reference Management

• JabRef – An open-source, cross-platform citation and reference management tool.
• Qiqqa – A free research and reference manager.
• ZoteroBib – ZoteroBib helps you build a bibliography instantly from any computer or device.
• ❤️ Zotero – A free, easy-to-use tool to help you collect, organize, cite, and share your research sources.

Translators

• Crow Translate – A simple and lightweight translator.
• DeepL Translator – A neural machine translation service.
• GoldenDict-ng – The Next Generation GoldenDict.
• GoldenDict – A feature-rich dictionary lookup program.
• Lingva Translate – Alternative front-end for Google Translate.

Others

• Anki – Powerful, intelligent flash cards.
• Avogadro – An advanced molecular editor designed for cross-platform use in computational chemistry, molecular modeling, bioinformatics, materials science, and related areas.
• BOINC – Open-source software for volunteer computing and grid computing.
• Converter NOW – A flexible unit converter.
• GCompris – A high quality educational software suite.
• GNU Octave – A programming language for scientific computing.
• GeoGebra – Free digital tools for class activities, graphing, geometry, collaborative whiteboard and more.
• Gramps – Research, organize and share your family tree with Gramps.
• LanguageTool – Checks your writing in more than 20 languages.
• Monkeytype – The most customizable typing website with a minimalistic design and a ton of features.
• LabPlot – FREE, open source and cross-platform Data Visualization and Analysis software accessible to everyone and trusted by professionals.
• Orange Data Mining – A data mining and visualization toolbox for novice and expert alike.
• Qalculate! – A multi-purpose cross-platform desktop calculator.
• Scilab – Open source software for numerical computation.
• Scratch – With Scratch, you can program your own interactive stories, games, and animations.
• Tabby– Simple timetable desktop app to track your school schedule.

File Management

Duplicate File Finders

• ❤️ Czkawka – Multi functional app to find duplicates, empty folders, similar images etc.
• ❤️ dupeGuru – A cross-platform GUI tool to find duplicate files in a system.
• Video Duplicate Finder – A cross-platform software to find duplicated video (and image) files on hard disk based on similiarity.

File Archivers

• ❤️ 7-Zip – A file archiver with a high compression ratio.
• NanaZip – The 7-Zip derivative intended for the modern Windows experience.
• ❤️ PeaZip – A free file manager and file archiver.

File Converters

• Convertio – Easy tool to convert files online.
• ❤️ Dangerzone – Take potentially dangerous PDFs, office documents, or images and convert them to a safe PDF.
• ❤️ File Converter – A very simple tool which allows you to convert and compress one or several file(s) using the context menu of windows explorer.
• ❤️ Pandoc – Universal markup converter.

File Managers

• ❤️ Double Commander – A free cross platform open source file manager with two panels side by side.
• Far Manager – A program for managing files and archives in Windows operating systems.
• ❤️ Files – A modern file manager.
• FreeCommander – An easy-to-use alternative to the standard windows file manager.
• Sigma File Manager – A free, open-source, quickly evolving, modern file manager app.
• Xplorer – A customizable, modern and cross-platform File Explorer.
• Knowledge – Knowledge is a tool for saving, searching, accessing, and exploring all of your favorite websites, documents and files.
• TagSpaces – An offline, open source, document manager with tagging support.
• TagStudio – A User-Focused Photo & File Management System.

File Renamers

• Ant Renamer – A free program that makes easier the renaming of lots of files and folders by using specified settings.
• File Renamer Diff – A File Renamer App featuring a difference display before and after the change for Windows.
• Szyszka – A simple but powerful and fast bulk file renamer.

File Sharing

File Sharing Web Apps

• Lufi – Anonymous file sharing services with temporary storage.
• ❤️ Send – Simple, private file sharing.
• ❤️ Tresorit Send – Send big files up to 5 GB securely.
• Wormhole – Simple, private file sharing.
• SwissTransfer – Send files up to 50 GB free of charge.
• pic.infini – A free and anonymous image hosting service.
• Blaze – A P2P file sharing web app.
• FilePizza – Peer-to-peer file transfers in your browser.
• ❤️ ShareDrop – Easy P2P file transfer powered by WebRTC.
• ❤️ Snapdrop – A Progressive Web App for local file sharing.
• libcimbar – Optimized implementation for color-icon-matrix barcodes.

LAN File Sharing

• ❤️ OpenSSH – Windows Optional Features. OpenSSH is a complete implementation of the SSH protocol (version 2) for secure remote login, command execution and file transfer.
• Flying Carpet – Wireless, encrypted file transfer over automatically configured ad hoc networking.
• ❤️ LocalSend – An open source cross-platform alternative to AirDrop.
• SFTPGo – Fully featured and highly configurable SFTP server with optional HTTP/S, FTP/S and WebDAV support.
• ❤️ Sharik – An open-source, cross-platform solution for sharing files via Wi-Fi or Mobile Hotspot.
• ❤️ WinSCP – A popular free SFTP and FTP client for Windows.
• ❤️ Winpinator – Send and receive files across a local network.
• miniserve – A CLI tool to serve files and dirs over HTTP.

Others

• Magic Wormhole – Get things from one computer to another, safely.
• ❤️ OnionShare – An open source tool that lets you securely and anonymously share files, host websites, and chat with friends using the Tor network.
• RiftShare – Easy, Secure, and Free file sharing for everyone.
• ❤️ Rymdport – A GUI for the Magic Wormhole.
• croc – A CLI file-transfer tool.

Games and Tools

Game Launchers

• Heroic Games Launcher – A Native GOG and Epic Games Launcher for Linux, Windows and Mac.
• Nostlan – Nostlan is a game launcher for emulators!
• Pegasus – A cross platform, customizable graphical frontend for launching emulators and managing your game collection.
• Playnite – An open source video game library manager and launcher with support for 3rd party libraries like Steam, GOG, Origin, Battle.net and Uplay.
• RetroArch – A frontend for emulators, game engines and media players.

Game Stores

• GOG GALAXY – Truly gamer friendly, DRM-free online gaming platform.
• Game Jolt – Game Jolt is one of the largest communities in existence for video games and the millions of people around the world who love them.
• itch.io – An online game marketplace and community.

Games

• 0 A.D. – A free, open-source game of ancient warfare.
• Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead – A turn-based survival game set in a post-apocalyptic world.
• Cockatrice – A cross-platform virtual tabletop for multiplayer card games.
• Endless Sky – A space exploration and combat game similar to Escape Velocity.
• FlightGear – An open-source flight simulator.
• Lichess – The complete chess experience, play and compete with friends and others around the world.
• Mindustry – A sandbox tower defense game written in Java.
• Minetest – An open source voxel game engine.
• OpenDuelyst – A digital collectible card game.
• OpenTDD – OpenTTD is a business simulation game in which players try to earn money by transporting passengers and freight via road, rail, water and air.
• Rigs of Rods – An open-source soft-body vehicle simulator.
• SuperTuxKart – A free kart racing game.
• Thrive – A free, open-source game about the evolution of life.
• Unciv – Open-source Android/Desktop remake of Civ V.
• Warzone 2100 – A ground-breaking and innovative 3D real-time strategy game.
• Wesnoth – An open source, turn-based strategy game with a high fantasy theme.
• Widelands – A free, open source real-time strategy game with singleplayer campaigns and a multiplayer mode.
• Xonotic – An addictive, arena-style first person shooter with crisp movement and a wide array of weapons.
• osu! – A free-to-win rhythm game. Rhythm is just a click away!

Gaming Utilities

• AntiMicroX – Graphical program used to map keyboard buttons and mouse controls to a gamepad.
• CrossOver – A Crosshair Overlay for any screen.
• Moonlight – An open source implementation of NVIDIA's GameStream.
• Sunshine – Host for Moonlight Streaming Client.

Graphics

2D and 3D

• ❤️ Enve – Open-source 2D animation software.
• ❤️ OpenToonz – An open-source full-featured 2D animation creation software.
• Pencil2D – An easy, intuitive tool to make 2D hand-drawn animations.
• Seamly2D – Open source patternmaking software.
• ❤️ Synfig Studio – A free and open-source 2D animation software.
• Wick Editor – A free and open-source tool for creating games, animations and everything in-between!
• ❤️ Blender – Free and Open Source 3D creation suite.
• Blockbench – A low poly 3D model editor.
• F3D – A fast and minimalist 3D viewer.
• FreeCAD – An open-source parametric 3D modeler made primarily to design real-life objects of any size.
• MeshLab – The open source mesh processing system.
• OpenSCAD – The Programmers Solid 3D CAD Modeller.
• Sweet Home 3D – A free interior design application which helps you draw the plan of your house, arrange furniture on it and visit the results in 3D.

Design Tools

• Motionity – The web-based motion graphics editor for everyone.
• Penpot – The Open-Source design & prototyping platform.
• Polotno Studio – Free online design editor.
• Screenshot.rocks – An online tool which allows you to create beautiful mobile & browser mockups from screenshots.

Digital Painting

• AutoDraw – An intuitive drawing tool for everyone.
• Drawpile – A collaborative drawing program.
• FotoSketcher – Turn your photos into beautiful paintings, sketches or drawings in seconds.
• ❤️ Inkscape – A free and open-source vector graphics editor.
• ❤️ Krita – A free and open source digital painting application.
• Milton – A free and open-source infinite canvas paint program.
• Pinta – A free, open source program for drawing and image editing.
• tldraw – A tiny little drawing app.

Image Editors

• Converseen – A batch image converter and resizer.
• ❤️ GIMP – A cross-platform image editor.
• ❤️ PhotoGIMP – A patch for optimizing GIMP 2.10+ for Adobe Photoshop users.
• ImageMagick – A software suite to create, edit, and compose bitmap images.
• ❤️ Paint.NET – Free image and photo editing software.
• PhotoDemon – A portable photo editor.
• Pixelitor – A desktop image editor.
• miniPaint – Online image editor lets you create, edit images using HTML5 technologies.
• ❤️ Photopea – Online photo editor.
• Siril – The Siril image processing software for amateur astronomy.
• Xpano – Automated photo stiching tool.
• ❤️ darktable – An open source photography workflow application and raw developer.
• ❤️ digiKam – An advanced digital photo management application.
• Filmulator – Simplified raw editing with the power of film.
• ❤️ RawTherapee – A powerful cross-platform raw photo processing program.

Image Optimizers

• Caesium Image Compressor – An image compression web app.
• Caesium – A cross-platform image compression software.
• ❤️ Imagine – A desktop app for compression of PNG and JPEG, with a modern and friendly UI.
• ❤️ Squoosh – An image compression web app that reduces image sizes through numerous formats.

Image Viewers

• ❤️ FastStone Image Viewer – A fast, stable, user-friendly image browser, converter and editor.
• ❤️ ImageGlass – A lightweight, versatile image viewer.
• ❤️ IrfanView – A very fast, compact and innovative FREEWARE image viewer/converter.
• JPEGView – A lean, fast and highly configurable viewer/editor for JPEG, BMP, PNG, WEBP, TGA, GIF and TIFF images with a minimal GUI.
• NeeView – A Free and Open Source, modern and powerful image viewer and a manga/comic reader.
• ❤️ nomacs – A free, open source image viewer.
• qimgv – Image viewer. Fast, easy to use.
• Quick Picture Viewer – Lightweight, versatile desktop image viewer.
• qView – Practical and minimal image viewer.

OCR

• Capture2Text – Quickly OCR part of the screen and save resulting text to clipboard.
• gImageReader – A simple Gtk/Qt front-end to tesseract-ocr.
• NAPS2 – Scan documents to PDF and more, as simply as possible.
• NormCap – OCR powered screen-capture tool to capture information instead of images.
• Paperwork – Paperwork is a personal document manager. It manages scanned documents and PDFs.
• ❤️ Text Grab – A quick app to grab any on screen text using the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) built into Windows 10.

Pixel Editors

• LibreSprite – A free and open source program for creating and animating your sprites.
• Piskel – A simple web-based tool for Spriting and Pixel art.
• Pixelorama – A free & open-source 2D sprite editor.
• PixiEditor – A lightweight pixel art editor.
• Shape Shifter – A web-app that simplifies the creation of icon animations for Android, iOS, and the web.

Remove Image Background

• BackgroundRemover – A free web application that lets you Remove Background from images and video.
• BgSub – A website that uses AI technology to automatically remove or replace image backgrounds.
• Cleanup.Picture – A free web application that lets you quickly cleanup or remove objects in any image.
• Lama Cleaner – Image inpainting tool powered by SOTA AI Model.
• Rembg – A command line tool to remove images background.
• Remove.bg – Remove background from images 100% automatically in 5 seconds without a single click.

Screen Annotation Tools

• ❤️ gInk – An easy to use on-screen annotation software inspired by Epic Pen.
• LiveDraw – A tool allows you to draw on screen real-time.
• Pensela – The Swiss Army Knife of Screen Annotation Tools.

Screen Recorders

• ❤️ Captura – Capture Screen, Audio, Cursor, Mouse Clicks and Keystrokes.
• ❤️ Fluent Screen Recorder – A simple screen recorder built with UWP and featuring Fluent Design.
• ❤️ OBS Studio – Free and open source software for live streaming and screen recording.
• ScreenREC – A really simple web screen recorder.
• ❤️ ScreenToGif – Screen, webcam, and board recorder with an integrated editor.
• ❤️ ShareX – A free and open source program that lets you capture or record any area of your screen and share it with a single press of a key.
• Streamlabs – Free and open source streaming software built on OBS and Electron.

Screenshot

• ❤️ Flameshot – Powerful yet simple to use screenshot software.
• ❤️ Greenshot – A light-weight screenshot software tool.
• Ksnip – A Qt-based cross-platform screenshot tool that provides many annotation features for your screenshots.
• ❤️ Snipaste – A simple but powerful snipping tool.
• gifcap – Capture your screen to a GIF in your browser.
• LICEcap – LICEcap simple animated screen capture tool for Windows (gif recorder).

VTuber

• Kalidoface 3D – A web app that brings support for 3D Vtuber avatars.
• Kalidoface – Become a virtual character with just your webcam!
• SysMocap – A real-time motion capture system for 3D virtual character animating.
• Vignette – The open source VTuber software.

Webcam Recorders

• Mini Video Me – A small webcam player focused on providing an easy way to add and control your webcam during recordings.
• Webcamoid – A full featured and multiplatform webcam suite.

Whiteboards

• ❤️ Excalidraw – Virtual whiteboard for sketching hand-drawn like diagrams.
• ❤️ OpenBoard – A cross-platform interactive whiteboard application intended for use in a classroom setting.
• WBO – Online collaborative Whiteboard that is simple, free, easy to use and to deploy.

Others

• Anime4KCPP – A high performance anime upscaler.
• Stable Diffusion UI – Provides a browser UI for generating images from text prompts and images.
• Upscayl – Free and Open Source AI Image Upscaler.
• Allusion – A free and open source desktop application for managing your visual library.
• AndreaMosaic – With AndreaMosaic you can create your own photographic mosaics made with your own pictures.
• Celestia – Real-time 3D visualization of space.
• Colorpicker – A mininal but complete colorpicker desktop app.
• Gephi – Gephi is the leading visualization and exploration software for all kinds of graphs and networks.
• Graphviz – Open source graph visualization software.
• Stellarium – A free open source planetarium for your computer.
• Storyboarder – Storyboarder makes it easy to visualize a story as fast you can draw stick figures.
• Tropy – Research photo management.
• Avataaars generator – Simple generator React app for avataaars.
• Personas by Draftbit – A delightful avatar generator by the folks at Draftbit.
• macOS Big Sur – Replacements Icons – Replacement icons for popular apps in the style of macOS Big Sur.

Health and Fitness

• Ambie – The best white noise app on Windows.
• UBPM – Manage your blood pressure data on Windows/Linux/macOS.
• Eyes Guard – A Windows application for protecting your eyes when you are working with your PC or Laptop.
• Pomatez – An open-source Pomodoro timer application aimed for simplicity and productivity.
• Pomotroid – Simple and visually-pleasing Pomodoro timer.
• Stretchly – The break time reminder app.
• Workrave – A free program that assists in the recovery and prevention of Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI).
• OpenStreetMap – A collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world.
• QMapShack – An intuitive and efficient tool for route planning and GPS recordings visualization.

Network and Admin

Network Monitors

• Angry IP Scanner – Fast and friendly network scanner.
• Fiddler – A Web Debugging Proxy which logs all HTTP(S) traffic between your computer and the Internet.
• GlassWire – A network security monitoring tool and analyzer.
• ❤️ NETworkManager – A powerful tool for managing networks and troubleshoot network problems.
• Sniffnet – Comfortably monitor your Internet traffic.
• Wireshark – The world’s foremost and widely-used network protocol analyzer.
• OpenNetMeter – A simple program to monitor your network/data usage.
• TrafficMonitor – A network monitoring suspension window software on Windows platform.

Remote Desktop

• Chrome Remote Desktop – The easy way to remotely connect with your home or work computer, or share your screen with others.
• DWService – Remotely access your devices from a Web browser.
• Microsoft Remote Desktop – Use the Microsoft Remote Desktop app to connect to a remote PC or virtual apps and desktops made available by your admin.
• QtScrcpy – Android real-time display control software.
• RustDesk – Yet another remote desktop software.
• ❤️ scrcpy – Display and control your Android device.
• TigerVNC – A free remote desktop software server and client application.
• TightVNC – A free remote desktop application.
• Quick Assist – A new app in Windows 10 that enables you to receive or provide assistance over a remote connection.
• Tailscale – A mesh VPN alternative that makes it easy to connect your devices.
• ZeroTier – A smart programmable Ethernet switch for planet Earth.
• mRemoteNG – An open source, multi-protocol, tabbed remote connections manager.
• PRemoteM – A modern personal remote session manager and launcher.
• Veyon – Cross-platform computer monitoring and classroom management.
• Weylus – Use your tablet as graphic tablet/touch screen on your computer.

Screen Sharing

• Deskreen – A desktop app that turns any device with a web browser into a secondary screen for your computer over WiFi.
• Screego – Screego allows you to share your screen with good quality and low latency.
• ❤️ ScreenTask – Share your screen across local devices without internet.

Virtualization

• Docker – Enterprise-focused container platform for building, sharing, and running any application.
• Podman – A tool for managing OCI containers and pods.
• ❤️ Hyper-V – Hyper-V is Microsoft's hardware virtualization product.
• ❤️ VirtualBox – A powerful x86 and AMD64/Intel64 virtualization product for enterprise as well as home use.
• ❤️ WSL – Windows Subsystem for Linux.
• WSA – Windows Subsystem for Android.
• wsa_pacman – A GUI package manager and package installer for Windows Subsystem for Android.
• ❤️ Sandboxie – A sandbox-based isolation software for 32-bit and 64-bit Windows NT-based operating systems.
• ❤️ Windows Sandbox – Windows Sandbox provides a lightweight desktop environment to safely run applications in isolation.

Others

• LibreSpeed – This is a very lightweight Speedtest implemented in Javascript, using XMLHttpRequest and Web Workers.
• SwitchHosts – An App for managing hosts file.
• Wifinian – A Windows desktop tool to enable user to actively control Wi-Fi connections.
• XPipe – A new type of shell connection hub and remote file manager that allows you to access your entire server infrastructure from your local machine.

News and Books

Books

• ❤️ Okular – A universal document viewer.
• Sumatra PDF – A free PDF, eBook (ePub, Mobi), XPS, DjVu, CHM, Comic Book (CBZ and CBR) viewer.
• Sioyek – A PDF viewer designed for reading research papers and technical books.
• Alexandria – A minimalistic cross-platform eBook reader built with Tauri, Epub.js, and Typescript.
• calibre – An e-book manager.
• Koodo Reader – A modern ebook manager and reader.
• Thorium Reader – The best free reading application for EPUB, PDF and DAISY 3 ebooks, audiobooks and digital comics.
• YACReader – Yet another comic reader.
• AudiobookSuite – A WPF application with the goal of providing an easy to use local audiobook library and player for modern Windows systems.
• Libation – Audible audiobook manager.
• Sigil – A multi-platform EPUB ebook editor.
• Kiwix – An offline reader for online content like Wikipedia, Project Gutenberg, or TED Talks.
• Anna’s Archive – The largest truly open library in human history.
• Internet Archive – A non-profit library of millions of free books, movies, software, music, websites, and more.
• Library Genesis – A file-sharing based shadow library website.
• Open Library – An open, editable library catalog.
• Project Gutenberg – A library of over 60,000 free eBooks.
• Sci-Hub – A shadow library website that provides free access to millions of research papers and books.
• ZLibrary – The world's largest ebook library.
• Books – Awesome Book Lists.
• Mind Expanding Books – Books everyone should read!

News

• Fluent Reader – Modern desktop RSS reader.
• QuiteRSS – Free news feeds reader.
• RSS Guard – Feed reader which supports RSS/ATOM/JSON and many web-based feed services.

Online Services

App Discovery Services

• ❤️ AlternativeTo – A website which lists alternatives to web-based software, desktop computer software, and mobile apps.
• Product Hunt – A website that lets users share and discover new products.

Privacy and Security Guides

• Anonymous Planet – The comprehensive guide for online anonymity and OpSec.
• Awesome Privacy – A curated list of privacy & security-focused software and services.
• Awesome Privacy – List of free, open source and privacy respecting services and alternatives to privative services.
• EFF – The leading nonprofit defending digital privacy, free speech, and innovation.
• Personal Security Checklist – A curated checklist of 300+ tips for protecting digital security and privacy.
• PRISM Break – Privacy/security-oriented software recommendations.
• ❤️ Privacy Guides – Protect your data against global mass surveillance programs.

Search Engines

• Brave Search – The user-first and privacy-focused search engine that uses its own index making it an independent search engine.
• DuckDuckGo – The search engine that doesn't track you.
• ❤️ SearXNG – Privacy-respecting metasearch engine.
• Whoogle Search – A self-hosted, ad-free, privacy-respecting metasearch engine.

Secret Sharing

• One-Time Secret – Keep sensitive info out of your email & chat logs.
• Password Pusher – A dead-simple application to securely communicate passwords over the web.
• PrivateBin – A minimalist, open source online pastebin where the server has zero knowledge of pasted data.
• Yopass – Secure sharing of secrets, passwords and files.

Survey Tools

• Framadate – Schedule a meeting or create an opinion poll.
• Framaforms – Design your online surveys easily while respecting your audience.
• LimeSurvey – The most popular FOSS online survey tool on the web.

URL Shorteners

• anon.to – An anonymous URL redirector and shortener.
• ❤️ Kutt – A modern URL shortener with support for custom domains.
• Lstu – A nice and open source url shortener.
• MagLit – Privacy Respecting Encrypted Link Shortener with Password Protection and Torrent Magnet Links support.
• Reduced.to – Free Modern URL Reducer.
• ZWS – Shorten URLs using invisible spaces.

Others

• ❤️ Disroot – A platform providing online services based on principles of freedom, privacy, federation and decentralization.
• Framasoft – A not-for-profit popular educational organization.
• switching.software – Ethical, easy-to-use and privacy-conscious alternatives to well-known software.
• Opensource.Builders – A website to find and request open-source alternatives to popular software you already use.
• ❤️ Mostly Free Resources for Almost Everyone – A list of mostly free resources for almost anyone.
• Awesome Piracy – A curated list of awesome warez and piracy links.
• Piracy Index – This website is a collection of the best digital piracy resources.
• degoogle – A huge list of alternatives to Google products.
• Awesome Fediverse – A curated, collaborative list of awesome Fediverse resources.
• ❤️ Awesome-Selfhosted – A list of Free Software network services and web applications which can be hosted on your own servers.

Personal Finance

• ❤️ Budget Badger – A simple Personal Budgeting cross-platform app built on top of Xamarin.Forms.
• Denaro – A personal finance manager.
• ❤️ GnuCash – A personal and small-business finance manager.
• HomeBank – Free personal finance software, money management for everyone.
• KMyMoney – A cross-platform personal finance manager.
• Money Manager Ex – A free, open-source, cross-platform, easy-to-use personal finance software.
• Money – Personal Expense Manager.
• My Budget – Free, open source offline cross-platform budgeting solution built with Electron.
• Frappe Books – Free Desktop book-keeping software for small businesses and freelancers.
• Portfolio Performance – Track and evaluate the performance of your investment portfolio across stocks, cryptocurrencies, and other assets.
• Wealthfolio – A Beautiful Private and Secure Desktop Investment Tracking Application.
• grocy – A web-based self-hosted groceries & household management solution for your home.
• rotki – A portfolio tracking, analytics, accounting and tax reporting application that protects your privacy.

Personalization

Desktop Mascot

• Desktop Pet (eSheep) – This project gives you the possibility to add a pet to your desktop.
• RunCatforwindows – A cute running cat animation on your windows taskbar.
• Spirit – A modern and hackable desktop mascot.

Taskbar Tweakers

• TaskbarXI – An application written in C++ to modify the Windows 11 Taskbar.
• TaskbarX – TaskbarX gives you control over the position of your taskbar icons.
• TranslucentTB – TranslucentTB offers you control over the appearance of your taskbar.

Wallpaper Management

• Aerial – Apple TV screen saver for Windows.
• AlbumPaper – An app for Windows that will change your desktop wallpaper to the album art of the song you are listening to.
• AutoWall – Live wallpapers on Windows 10/11 using open-source wallpaper engine.
• ❤️ Lively Wallpaper – Free and open-source software that allows users to set animated desktop wallpapers and screensavers.
• ScreenPlay – Modern, Cross Plattform, Live Wallpaper, Widgets and AppDrawer!
• SpaceEye – Make live satellite imagery your desktop background with SpaceEye.
• Superpaper – A cross-platform multi monitor wallpaper manager.
• WinDynamicDesktop – WinDynamicDesktop ports the Dynamic Desktop feature from macOS Mojave to Windows 10.

Others

• BeautySearch – Windows 10+ Search Window appearance tweaker.
• Bibata Cursor – Opensource, compact, and material-designed cursor set.
• ElevenClock – Have a customizable clock on your Windows 11 displays.
• ExplorerPatcher – This project aims to enhance the working environment on Windows.
• Mica for Everyone – A tool to enable backdrop effect on titlebar of win32 apps on Windows 11.
• ModernFlyouts – A modern Fluent Design replacement for the old Metro themed flyouts present in Windows.
• Open-Shell-Menu – Classic Shell Reborn.
• ❤️ Rainmeter – Desktop customization tool for Windows.
• Seelen UI – The Fully Customizable Desktop Environment for Windows 10/11.
• Taskbar Groups – Lightweight utility for organizing the taskbar through groups.
• TileIconifier – Creates tiles for most Windows 8.1 and 10 start menu icons.
• Windows Auto Dark Mode – Switches between the dark and light theme of Windows at scheduled times.

Privacy and Security

Antivirus

• ❤️ VirusTotal – Free online malware detection service for analyzing suspicious files and URLs.
• ❤️ Windows Security – Windows 10 and 11 include Windows Security, which provides the latest antivirus protection.

Decentralized Networks

• Freenet – A peer-to-peer platform for censorship-resistant and privacy-respecting publishing and communication.
• I2P – The Invisible Internet Project (I2P) is a fully encrypted private network layer.
• IPFS – A peer-to-peer hypermedia protocol to make the web faster, safer, and more open.

Encryption Tools

Disk Encryption Tools

• ❤️ Bitlocker – A Microsoft Windows security and encryption feature.
• ❤️ VeraCrypt – Disk encryption with strong security based on TrueCrypt.

Steganography Tools

• OpenStego – An open-source steganography tool.
• StegCloak – Hide secrets with invisible characters in plain text securely using passwords.

Others

• Age – A simple, modern and secure encryption tool.
• ❤️ cppcryptfs – An implementation of the gocryptfs encrypted overlay filesystem in C++ for Windows.
• ❤️ Cryptomator – Multi-platform transparent client-side encryption of your files in the cloud.
• ❤️ Gnupg – A complete and free implementation of the OpenPGP standard as defined by PGP.
• Hat.sh – Encrypt and Decrypt files securely in your browser.
• Horcrux – Split your file into encrypted horcruxes so that you don't need to remember a passcode.
• Kryptor – A simple, modern, and secure encryption and signing tool that aims to be a better version of age and Minisign.
• Minisign – A dead simple tool to sign files and verify digital signatures.
• ❤️ Picocrypt – A very small, very simple, yet very secure encryption tool.
• ❤️ SiriKali – A Qt/C++ GUI front end to sshfs, ecryptfs-simple, cryfs, gocryptfs, securefs, fscrypt and encfs.

Firewalls

• Fort Firewall – Fort Firewall for Windows.
• ❤️ Portmaster – Monitor all network activity.
• ❤️ Simplewall – Simple tool to configure Windows Filtering Platform (WFP) which can configure network activity on your computer.
• Windows Defender Firewall – A stateful host firewall.

Password Managers

• ❤️ Bitwarden – An open source password manager.
• ❤️ KeePassXC – A modern, secure, and open-source password manager that stores and manages your most sensitive information.
• KeeWeb – This webapp is a browser and desktop password manager compatible with KeePass databases.
• ❤️ Ente Auth – An end-to-end encrypted, cross platform and free app for storing your 2FA codes with cloud backups.
• Diceware Passphrase Generator – A tool for generating strong Diceware passwords, with entropy and crack time estimates.
• LessPass – A stateless password manager.

Remove EXIF Data

• ❤️ ExifCleaner – Cross-platform desktop GUI app to clean image metadata.
• ExifTool – ExifTool is a platform-independent Perl library plus a command-line application for reading, writing and editing meta information in a wide variety of files.
• jExifToolGUI – Graphical frontend for the excellent command-line ExifTool by Phil Harvey.

System Tweakers

• O&O ShutUp10++ – Free antispy tool for Windows 10 and 11.
• Optimizer – The finest Windows Optimizer.
• Privatezilla – Performs a privacy & security check of Windows 10.
• Winpilot – Your everyday Windows companion.

VPN

• ProtonVPN – High-speed Swiss VPN that safeguards your privacy.
• Windscribe – Free VPN and Ad Blocker.

Others

• Blacklight – A Real-Time Website Privacy Inspector.
• Image Scrubber – This is a tool for anonymizing photographs taken at protests.

Productivity

Automation

• Alpha Clicker – Windows Autoclicker with a modern ui.
• Auto Screen Capture – Automated screen capture utility.
• AutoActions – Application-based actions to change Windows settings (display, audio) or run any program or action.
• ❤️ AutoHotkey – A free, open source macro-creation and automation software utility that allows users to automate repetitive tasks.
• ❤️ Beeftext – A text snippet tool for Windows.
• ❤️ espanso – A cross-platform Text Expander written in Rust.
• Macro Deck – A open source software to use your smartphone, tablet or almost any touch screen device with a internet browser as a simple macro pad or even as an powerful automation solution for streaming, gaming, content creation and more.
• Mouse Jiggler – A very simple piece of software whose sole function is to “fake” mouse input to Windows, and jiggle the mouse pointer back and forth.
• Power Automate – Power Automate allows you to automate web and desktop applications on your Windows desktop by mimicking the user interface actions like clicks, and keyboard input.
• Shutdown Timer Classic – Pick a time and let your computer shutdown itself.
• SikuliX – SikuliX automates anything you see on the screen of your desktop computer running Windows, Mac or some Linux/Unix.

Calendars

• Proton Calendar – A calendar that respects privacy and puts people (not advertisers) first.
• Tuta Calendar – Tuta Calendar is the only zero-knowledge calendar with quantum-safe encryption, making sure all your events are protected from snooping and prying eyes.

Clipboard Managers

• Clipboard Canvas – A tool that helps you be productive, preview multiple files on Infinite Canvas, save storage space with smart Reference Files, and work uninterruptibly with Autopaste.
• ❤️ CopyQ – An advanced clipboard manager with powerful editing and scripting features.
• ❤️ Ditto – An extension to the standard windows clipboard.
• XClipper – A clipboard manager for Windows & Android which helps to track clipboard activities and makes it easier to interact with them.

File Search

• ❤️ Everything – Locate files and folders by name instantly.
• ❤️ EverythingToolbar – Everything integration for the Windows taskbar.
• Orange – A cross-platform desktop application for searching local files.
• Spyglass – A personal search engine, crawl & index websites/files you want with a simple set of rules.
• ❤️ dnGrep – dnGrep allows you to search across files with easy-to-read results.
• ❤️ grepWin – A powerful and fast search tool using regular expressions.

Journaling

• linked – Daily journaling without distraction.
• ❤️ Mini Diary – Simple and secure journal app.
• RedNotebook – A modern desktop journal.

Markdown Editors

• Dillinger – A cloud-enabled, mobile-ready, offline-storage compatible.
• ❤️ MarkText – A simple and elegant markdown editor.
• MindForger – Thinking notebook and Markdown editor with LLM wingman.
• ❤️ PanWriter – Markdown editor with pandoc integration and paginated preview.
• StackEdit – In-browser Markdown editor. AngularJS-powered HTML5 Markdown editor.

Mind Mapping

• ASCIIFlow – A client-side only web based application for drawing ASCII diagrams.
• ❤️ draw.io – Free online diagram software.
• ❤️ drawio-desktop – An open source technology stack for building diagramming applications.
• Gaphor – A UML and SysML modeling application written in Python.
• Heimer – A simple cross-platform mind map, diagram, and note-taking tool written in Qt.
• mindmaps – An open source, offline capable, mind mapping application leveraging HTML5 technologies.
• My Mind – A web application for creating and managing Mind maps.
• Wireflow – Flow chart collaboration app.

Note Taking

• AFFiNE – Affine is a next-gen knowledge base that brings planning, sorting and creating all together.
• Anytype – With Anytype, you can build digital spaces around your interests.
• Cryptee – A privacy focused, encrypted and secure documents, notes, files and photos service.
• ❤️ Joplin – A free, open source note taking and to-do application, which can handle a large number of notes organised into notebooks.
• ❤️ Notesnook – A fully end-to-end encrypted note taking alternative to Evernote.
• SilentNotes – A simple note taking app which respects your privacy.
• ❤️ Standard Notes – A free, open-source, and completely encrypted notes app.
• Simplenote – The simplest way to keep notes.
• ❤️ AppFlowy – An open-source alternative to Notion.
• Athens – An open-source knowledge graph that helps individuals and organizations solve complex problems by enabling them to capture, compose, and recombine ideas.
• Foam – A personal knowledge management and sharing system for VSCode.
• ❤️ Logseq – A privacy-first, open-source platform for knowledge management and collaboration.
• Notes – An open source and cross-platform note-taking app that is both beautiful and powerful.
• ❤️ Obsidian – A powerful knowledge base on top of a local folder of plain text Markdown files.
• Reor – Self-organizing AI note-taking app that runs models locally.
• ❤️ QOwnNotes – A plain-text file notepad and todo-list manager with markdown support and Nextcloud / ownCloud integration.
• ❤️ TriliumNext Notes – A hierarchical note taking application with focus on building large personal knowledge bases.
• ❤️ Zettlr – A Markdown Editor for the 21st century.
• Butterfly – Powerful, minimalistic, cross-platform, opensource note-taking app.
• Lorien – An infinite canvas drawing/note-taking app that is focused on performance, small savefiles and simplicity.
• Microsoft Journal – A notetaking application that focuses on the inking experience.
• Rnote – Sketch and take handwritten notes.
• Saber – The cross-platform open-source app built for handwriting.
• ❤️ Xournal++ – A handwriting notetaking software with PDF annotation support.

Office

• ❤️ CryptPad – A collaboration suite that is end-to-end-encrypted and open-source.
• Grist – A modern relational spreadsheet.
• ❤️ LibreOffice – A free and powerful office suite.
• ONLYOFFICE – A powerful online editor for text documents, spreadsheets, presentations, forms and PDF for the platform you use.
• mobslide – Turn your smartphone into presentation remote controller.
• Pympress – A simple yet powerful PDF reader designed for dual-screen presentations.
• Sozi – A presentation tool for SVG documents.
• Google Docs – Free online document editor.
• Microsoft Office Online – Collaborate for free with online versions of Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and OneNote.

PDF Editors

• PDF Arranger – Small python-gtk application, which helps the user to merge or split pdf documents and rotate, crop and rearrange their pages using an interactive and intuitive graphical interface.
• PDF4QT – Open source PDF editor.
• PDFsam – A desktop application to extract pages, split, merge, mix and rotate PDF files.
• Signature PDF – Free open-source web software for signing PDFs (alone or with others) and also organize pages, edit medata and compress pdf.
• Stirling-PDF – Locally hosted web application that allows you to perform various operations on PDF files.

Task Management

• Focalboard – An open source, self-hosted alternative to Trello, Notion, and Asana.
• Kanban Tasker – A simple personal kanban board.
• sleek – A todo app based on todo.txt.
• Super Productivity – To-do list & time tracker for programmers & designers.
• WeekToDo – A free minimalist weekly planner app focused on privacy.

Time Tracking

• ActivityWatch – The best free and open-source automated time tracker.
• Lotti – Lotti helps you track habits, behavior, any data about yourself, in complete privacy.
• Nomie – Open-source mood and life tracking.
• Strategr – No-Fuss Time Management App.
• Tockler – An application that tracks your time by monitoring your active window title and idle time.
• ididit! – The procrastination friendly habit tracker.
• Habitica – A habit tracker app which treats your goals like a Role Playing Game.

Weather

• FluentWeather – A beautiful & modern UWP weather app for Windows.
• Lively Weather – Windows native weather app powered by DirectX12 animations.

Writing Tools

• bibisco – An open source application for writing novels.
• ghostwriter – A cross-platform, aesthetic, distraction-free Markdown editor.
• KIT Scenarist – Simple and powerful application for writing screenplays.
• Manuskript – A open-source tool for writers.
• novelWriter – An open source plain text editor designed for writing novels.

Others

• PdfScribe – A PDF virtual printer for 64-bit Windows / .NET 4.8 or later.
• Scribus – An open source desktop publishing software.
• TeXstudio – A fully featured LaTeX editor.
• Typst – A new markup-based typesetting system that is powerful and easy to learn.
• Datawrapper – An open source tool helping everyone to create simple, correct and embeddable charts in minutes.
• RAWGraphs – An open web tool to create custom vector-based visualizations on top of the amazing d3.js library.
• Reactive Resume – A free and open source resume builder.
• Resumake – A website for automatically generating elegant LaTeX resumes.
• ❤️ KDE Connect – Enabling communication between all your devices.
• Phone Link – Link your Android phone and PC to view and reply to text messages, make and receive calls, view your notifications, and more.
• Seki – Phone Link / KDE Connect alternative with Notification Mirroring, Screen Mirroring, Clipboard Sync, File Transfer, Media Control.
• ntfy – A simple HTTP-based pub-sub notification service.
• ClickPaste – Windows 10 notification area app in C# that can paste clipboard contents as keystrokes to whatever location you click.
• DropPoint – Make drag-and-drop easier using DropPoint.
• ❤️ QuickLook – Bring macOS “Quick Look” feature to Windows.

Utilities

Application Launchers

• Cerebro – Open-source productivity booster with a brain.
• Flow launcher – Quick file search & app launcher for Windows with community-made plugins.
• Kando – The Cross-Platform Pie Menu.
• LaunchyQt – LaunchyQt is a fork of the keystroke launcher program Launchy but modernized.
• Pinpoint – Keystroke launcher and productivity tool.
• ❤️ PowerToys – Windows system utilities to maximize productivity.
• SystemTrayMenu – Browse and open your files easily.
• ueli – A keystroke launcher for Windows and macOS.

Context Menu Managers

• ContextMenuManager – A program to manage the Windows right-click context menu.
• Custom Context Menu – Add Custom Context Menu For Windows11.
• Shell – Powerful context menu manager for Windows File Explorer.

Disk Imaging

• DISMTools – A front-end for DISM that lets you manage your Windows Imaging (WIM) files and a whole lot more.
• Macrium Reflect Free – The complete backup solution for personal use.
• UrBackup – An easy to setup Open Source client/server backup system.
• ❤️ Veeam Agent for Microsoft Windows Free & Veeam Backup & Replication Community Edition – The free backup software to protect virtual, physical and cloud workloads.
• ❤️ Etcher – A powerful OS image flasher.
• ❤️ Rufus – A utility that helps format and create bootable USB flash drives.
• UNetbootin – UNetbootin allows you to create bootable Live USB drives for Ubuntu and other Linux distributions without burning a CD.
• USBImager – A very minimal GUI app that can write compressed disk images to USB drives.
• Ventoy – A Multiboot Bootable USB Creation Tool.
• UUP dump – Download UUP files from Windows Update servers with ease.
• UUP Media Creator – An utility to convert Unified Update Platform file sets into Windows Media files.

Disk Usage Analyzers

• Filelight – An application to visualize the disk usage on your computer.
• TreeSize Free – The disk space manager TreeSize Free tells you where precious disk space has gone.
• WizTree – The fastest disk space analyzer.

File Recovery

• DMDE – A powerful tool for data searching, editing, and recovery on disks.
• TestDisk – A powerful free data recovery software.
• Windows File Recovery – A command-line software utility from Microsoft to recover deleted files.

File Shredders

• BleachBit – BleachBit cleans files to free disk space and to maintain privacy.
• ❤️ Eraser – A secure data removal tool for Windows.
• Permadelete – An easy to use and beautiful app for shredding files and folders permanently.
• Turbo Delete – A blazing fast alternative to the default Windows delete.

Hardware Monitoring

Fan Control

• Fan Control – A focused, highly customizable fan controlling software for Windows.
• FanCtrl – FanCtrl is a software that allows you to automatically control the fan speed on your PC.
• NBFC – A cross-platform fan control service for notebooks.

RGB Lighting Control

• Artemis – Provides advanced unified lighting across many different brands RGB peripherals.
• OpenRGB – Open source RGB lighting control that doesn't depend on manufacturer software.

Others

• ❤️ CrystalDiskInfo – A HDD/SSD utility software which supports a part of USB, Intel RAID and NVMe.
• ❤️ CrystalDiskMark – A simple storage benchmark.
• GSmartControl – Hard disk drive and SSD health inspection tool.
• ❤️ HWiNFO – Comprehensive Hardware Analysis, Monitoring and Reporting for Windows and DOS.
• ❤️ Libre Hardware Monitor – A fork of Open Hardware Monitor.
• Sidebar Diagnostics – A simple sidebar for Windows desktop that displays hardware diagnostic information.
• Fastfetch – A maintained, feature-rich and performance oriented, neofetch like system information tool.
• Winfetch – A command-line system information utility written in PowerShell.

Mouse and Keyboard Sharing

• Barrier – Open-source KVM software.
• Deskflow – A free and open source keyboard and mouse sharing app.
• Input Leap – Open-source KVM software.
• Lan Mouse – Mouse & keyboard sharing via LAN.

Package Managers

• Chocolatey GUI – A delicious GUI for Chocolatey.
• ❤️ Chocolatey – The package manager for Windows.
• ❤️ Scoop – A command-line installer for Windows.
• Fluent Store – A unifying frontend for Windows app stores and package managers.
• ❤️ UniGetUI – The Graphical Interface for your package managers.
• ❤️ winget – Microsoft's open-source CLI packager manager for Windows.
• winstall – A web app for browsing and installing Windows Package Manager apps.
• Topgrade – Keeping your system up to date usually involves invoking multiple package managers.
• PortableApps.com – A website offering many free, commonly used Windows applications that have been specially packaged for portability.
• ❤️ BCUninstaller – A free program uninstaller.
• ❤️ GeekUninstaller – A portable software uninstaller.

Screen Dimmers

• f.lux – f.lux warms up your screen at night to help you relax and wind down before bed.
• LightBulb – An application that reduces eyestrain produced by staring at a computer screen when working late hours.
• Monitorian – A Windows desktop tool to adjust the brightness of multiple monitors with ease.
• Twinkle Tray – Easily manage the brightness of your monitors in Windows from the system tray.

System Administration

• Sysinternals Suite – A bundle of the Sysinternals utilities including Process Explorer, Process Monitor, Sysmon, Autoruns, ProcDump, all of the PsTools, and many more.
• System Informer – A free, powerful, multi-purpose tool that helps you monitor system resources, debug software and detect malware.

Window Managers

• AltSnap – Easily drag windows when pressing the alt key.
• Amethyst Windows – Automatic tiling window manager for Windows 10/11.
• GlazeWM – A tiling window manager for Windows inspired by i3wm.
• RBTray – RBTray allows almost any program to be minimized to the system tray by right clicking its minimize button.
• SmartSystemMenu – SmartSystemMenu extends system menu of all windows in the system.
• Tabame – Tabame is an alternative to Windows Taskbar.
• komorebi – Tiling Window Management for Windows.
• workspacer – A tiling window manager for Windows.

Others

• AltStore – An alternative app store for non-jailbroken iOS devices.
• CompactGUI – Visual Interface for the Windows 10 Compact Function.
• ❤️ Driver Store Explorer – Driver Store Explorer [RAPR] makes it easier to deal with Windows driver store.
• FontForge – Free (libre) font editor for Windows, Mac OS X and GNU+Linux.
• GestureSign – A gesture recognition software for Windows tablet.
• barcodrod.io – A free, modern barcode and QR code toolkit for Windows.
• Html5-QRCode – A cross platform HTML5 QR code reader.
• Key'n'Stroke – Displays Keystrokes in an overlay window and visualize mouse clicks.
• Keyviz – A free and open-source tool to visualize your keystrokes keyboard in real-time.
• NVDA – The free and open source Screen Reader for Microsoft Windows.
• Nyrna – Suspend games and applications.
• Plover – Open source stenotype engine.
• Scanner – An all-in-one scanner app built for the Universal Windows Platform.
• Screen Ruler – A lightweight and configurable ruler tool for Windows Desktop.
• Kanata – A cross-platform software keyboard remapper for Linux, macOS and Windows.
• SharpKeys – A utility that manages a Registry key that allows Windows to remap one key to any other key.
• Ten Hands – Simplest way to organize and run command-line tasks.
• Universal Android Debloater Next Generation – Cross-platform GUI written in Rust using ADB to debloat non-rooted android devices.
• WinCompose – A compose key for Windows.
• X-Mouse Controls – Windows utility to enable or disable active window tracking, raising and also the delay in milliseconds.

Video

Media Servers

• FCast – Open source protocol for audio and video content streaming.
• Go2TV – Cast media files to UPnP/DLNA Media Renderers and Smart TVs.
• ❤️ Jellyfin – A personal media server and client.
• ❤️ Kodi – An award-winning free and open source software media player and entertainment hub for digital media for HTPCs (Home theater PCs).
• Macast – A menu bar application using mpv as DLNA Media Renderer.
• Universal Media Server – A DLNA, UPnP and HTTP(S) Media Server.

Subtitles Tools

• pyTranscriber – An application that can be used to generate automatic transcription / automatic subtitles for audio/video files through a friendly graphical user interface.
• Subliminal – A command line tool to search and download subtitles.
• SubSync – An automatic movie subtitle synchronization tool.
• Subtitle Edit – A free editor for video subtitles.

Video Converters

• ❤️ FFmpeg – A collection of libraries and tools to process multimedia content such as audio, video, subtitles and related metadata.
• ❤️ HandBrake – An open-source video transcoder.
• ❤️ LosslessCut – The swiss army knife of lossless video/audio editing.
• VidCoder – An open-source DVD/Blu-ray ripping and video transcoding application.

Video Editors

• Auto-Editor – Auto-Editor is a command line application for automatically editing video and audio by analyzing a variety of methods, most notably audio loudness.
• ❤️ DaVinci Resolve – A color grading and non-linear video editing application.
• Kdenlive – Free and open source video editor.
• Olive – Free open-source non-linear video editor.
• OpenShot – An award-winning free and open-source video editor.
• ❤️ Shotcut – A free, open source, cross-platform video editor.
• StaxRip – Video encoding GUI for Windows.
• Kinovea – A video annotation tool designed for motion analysis.
• MKVToolNix – A set of tools to create, alter and inspect Matroska files under Linux, other Unices and Windows.
• Natron – Open-source video compositing software.
• ❤️ Astrofox – A motion graphics program that lets turn audio into amazing videos.
• Mediabits.io – Mediabits.io lets anyone create engaging videos for their audio, perfect for sharing on social media.
• Clipchamp – Free online video editor.

Video Players

• ❤️ Media Player – Media Player is designed to make listening to and watching your multimedia content more enjoyable.
• Rise Media Player – One media player for everything you own or stream.
• MPC-BE – A free and open source audio and video player.
• ❤️ MPC-HC – A free and open-source video and audio player.
• ❤️ mpv.net – A modern media player for Windows based on the popular mpv player.
• mpv – A free, open source, and cross-platform media player.
• SMPlayer – Free Media Player with built-in codecs.
• VLC – A cross-platform media player software and streaming media server developed by the VideoLAN project.
• GridPlayer – Simple VLC-based media player that can play multiple videos at the same time.
• Kawaii-Player – Multimedia player, media library manager and portable media server with PC-To-PC casting feature.
• Screenbox – LibVLC-based media player for the Universal Windows Platform.
• QMPlay2 – A video and audio player which can play most formats and codecs.
• IPTVnator – A video player application that provides support for the playback of IPTV playlists (m3u, m3u8).
• Open TV – Ultra-fast, simple and powerful cross-platform IPTV app.
• Vodon Pro – A video player designed for esports coaches to review footage of players.
• Pennywise – Cross-platform application to open any website or media in a floating window.

Video Streaming

• ❤️ FreeTube – An Open Source YouTube app for privacy.
• Invidious – An alternative front-end to YouTube.
• ❤️ Piped – An alternative privacy-friendly YouTube frontend which is efficient by design.
• Streamlink Twitch GUI – A multi platform Twitch.tv browser for Streamlink.
• MotionMonkey – A semantic video player designed to stream Internet videos from a single query.
• Popcorn Time – A free BitTorrent client that includes an integrated media player.

Watch Videos Together

• ❤️ Metastream – Watch streaming media with friends.
• OpenTogetherTube – The easy way to watch videos with your friends.
• ❤️ Syncplay – Syncplay synchronises the position and play state of multiple media players so that the viewers can watch the same thing at the same time.
• WatchParty – A website for watching videos together.

Others

• DVDStyler – A cross-platform free DVD authoring application.
• Gyroflow – Video stabilization using gyroscope data.
• IPTV – Collection of publicly available IPTV channels from all over the world.
• MediaInfo – MediaInfo is a convenient unified display of the most relevant technical and tag data for video and audio files.
• Mediarepo – A tool for managing media files.
• QPrompt – Personal teleprompter software for all video creators.
• Radarr – A movie collection manager for Usenet and BitTorrent users.
• Stash – An organizer for your porn, written in Go.

Notable Non-Windows Software

• GParted – A free partition editor for graphically managing your disk partitions.
• Rescuezilla – An open-source easy-to-use disk imaging app that's fully compatible with Clonezilla.

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References & Acknowledgements

⬆️back to top⬆️

• GitHub
• AlternativeTo
• Product Hunt
• Privacy Guides
• PRISM Break
• Awesome Privacy
• Personal Security Checklist
• switching.software
• Opensource.Builders
• Mostly Free Resources for Almost Everyone
• Awesome Piracy
• Piracy Index
• degoogle
• Awesome Web Apps – Curated list of awesome web apps that work without requesting you to create an account.
• Alternative frontends – This is a list of privacy-respecting frontends to popular services like social media.
• Awesome Humane Tech – Promoting Solutions that Improve Wellbeing, Freedom and Society.
• ethical.net – A not-for-profit project building a collaborative, online directory of ethical companies of all kinds.

LICENSE

• This article is under the CC0-1.0 license.

วันเกิดปีนี้ได้เจอแอลสักที หลังจากไม่ได้เจอกันนานมาก เรานัดเจอกันที่เซนเวิล ระหว่างที่รอแอลก็คือเดินตามหาชาตรามือเพราะอยากกินชาพีชมากๆๆ ในที่สุดก็เจอเนอะ เจอด้วยความบังเอิญเพราะแอลบอกว่าที่นี่ต้องมีเรพาะมีคนถือกินอยู่ เราก็นั่งเม้ามอยไปเรื่อย ชอบที่ได้คุยกับแอลเพราะรู้สึกสบายใจในการพูดคุยทุกเรื่อง สากกะเบือยันเรือรบของจริง ตั้งแต่เรื่องมัน เรื่องเรา สุขภาพ ธุรกิจ เพื่อนๆ ไปหมด คุยไปเรื่อยๆจนเริ่มเย็นละ เราก็เลือกร้านรอเอิร์นด้วย กิ๊กแวบมาแปปนึง สุดท้ายเราเลือกกับข้าวกับปลา ก็สั่ง ปลากะพงทอดน้ำปลา ปลาหมึกผัดไข่เค็ม กุ้งทอดซอสมะขาม หมูกรอบคั่วพริกเกลือ คุยไปเม้ามอยไปเรื่อย ก็เหมือนทำให้เราได้รู้จักเอิร์นมากขึ้นด้วย เพราะบางเรื่องเราไม่เคยถามเอิร์นเลย กลับมาดึกเพราะเป็นห่วงลูกๆ เนื่องจากเมื่อวานไปนอนห้องเอิร์นมา เพราะว่าสอนเอมี่ เย็นนั้นก็กินเยอะเหมือนกันนะ ไข่ดาวสองฟอง ข้าวกะเพราหมูสับซเว่น แล้วก็ผัดเห็ดหมูสับเต้าหู้ กินไม่หมดเลยบอกพี่หนิงให้เก็บไว้กินวันพฤหัส 55555 หลังจากนั้นรู้สึกปวดข้อเท้ามากๆ ข้างขวา (แต่ที่สะดุดข้างซ้ายนะ) สรุปก็ปวดสองข้าง ด้วยความไม่อยากไปหาหมอวันเกิด สอนเสร็จเลยเข้าไปหาหมอที่รพ สุขุมวิท หมอให้คำแนะนำดีมาก แต่ก็นะ ดูค่าหมอ 2000 จ้าา โหดแท้นะหมอนะ แต่ข้อเท้าแพลงนั่นแหละ เอ็นอักเสบ ตอนกลับไม่ได้บอกเอิร์นแล้วเผลอไปพูดให้เอิร์นรู้สึกไม่ดี เพราะไม่อยากให้เป็นห่วง เอิร์นเลยหายไปเลย กะว่าเข้าห้องมาเอิร์นต้องบ่นเรื่องขาแน่ๆ สรุป เอิร์นกลีบสี่ทุ่ม ดึกกว่าอีกกก เอิร์นก็เลยบอกว่าจะได้รู้ว่ารู็สึกยังไง ไม่บอกเป็นห่วงกว่าอีก โอเค ไม่ทำแล้วจ้าาาาาา พอถึงเที่ยงคืนเราเอิร์นก็ปลุกขึ้นมาแฮปปี้เบิร์ดเดย์ โถ ก็อุตส่าห์ปลุกมาเนาะ มีเค้กสามชิ้น ร้านทื่ส่งให้เอิร์นเอง พร้อมกับสร้อยข้อมือที่เอิร์นถักให้เอง ว้าวววววว เป็นเชือกสำหรับนักไต่เขาสักอย่าง สีดำแดง ใหญ่ๆเหมือนกัน เสร็จก็คือนอนต่อเพราะต้องตื่นเช้าไปดูห้องที่คอนโด เหนื่อยมากๆๆ

กลับมาที่คืนวันเกิด กลับมาก็คือทำความสะอาด ซักผ้า ตากผ้า ดูดฝุ่น ถูบ้าน เก็บขี้แมว เรียกเอิร์นขึ้นไปนอน แล้วดันนอนไม่หลับ ตอนตี1 เริ่มพะอืดพะอม ลมตี อ่ะก็ข่มนอนไป ตอนเช้าตื่นมา รีบทำไข่ตุ๋นให้เอิร์นกิน แต่รู้สึกเลยว่าไม่มีแรง ไม่หิว หน้ามืด เวียนหัว ก็เลยพยายามนอน สรุป นอนไม่ได้ จะอ้วกตลอด ทั้งวันอ้วกไป 7 รอบ ตอนเช้าอ้วกไปนิดนึง กินไรก็อ้วก กินไม่ลง ได้แต่นอนถึงบ่าย ตื่นมาลองกินก็อ้วก กินน้ำเปล่ราก็อ้วก คุยกับเอิร์นพอดี เอิร์นเลยรีบกลับมาบ้านมาดู เลยไล่เอิร์นไปจัดการพาแมวไปฉีดยาก่อน แล้วค่อยมาดู เอิร์นก็ซื้อเกลือแร่มาให้ อ้วกอีก อ้วกจนมีแต่น้ำย่อย น้ำเปล่าก็อ้วก จนม้ากลับมาจากเที่ยวตกใจเพราะนึกว่าไปสอน สรุปนอนอยู่บ้าน ตอนดึกๆเริ่มไม่ไหวแล้วจริงๆก็เลยไปนอนรพ พญาไท 3 ให้น้ำเกลือ หมอบอกว่าน่าจะอาหารเป็นพิษ ลำไส้อักเสบ อ่ะจัดไป การแอดมิดครั้งแรกที่ไม่ใช่ผ่าตัดจ้า

แจ็กพ็อตมาก ได้ห้องเด็กเพราะห้องผู้ใหญ่เต็มแล้ว เข้าไปได้ธีมเต่าทะเล พร้อมถังขยะแปะสติกเกอร์เป็นตัวการ์ตูนต่างๆ น่าร้ากกกกก ก่อนจะเข้าห้องก็ต้องตรวจ swab covid ไป อย่างเจ็บ ทั้งคอทั้งจมูก แต่อ่ะรอดไม่เป็นอะไร คืนนั้นก็คือน่าจะเหนื่อยมาก น้ำเกลือคือให้ไปถุงนึง พร้อมยาแก้อาเจียน ตอนเช้ายังปวดหัว มึนหัว แต่ไม่ได้หน้ามืด หมอบอกอาจจะอาเจียนหนักมาก เลยมีอาการ อ่ะพักไป นอนไปอีกวัน วันนั้นก็ยังมึนๆ เดินทรงตัไม่ได้ กินได้บ้าง ไม่ได้บ้าง ส่วนใหญ่มื้อเย็นจะกินไม่ลง แต่ไม่ได้ินอาหารรพ นะ เพราะว่าประหยัดค่าใช้จ่ายไป ค่าอาหารมันแพง วันแรกผ่านไปโอเค วันที่สอง หมอมาตรวจใหม่ บอกยังปวดหัว เวียนหัว เดินเซๆอยู่ หมอบอกโอเคถ้าไม่ดีขึ้นต้องให้หมอทางประสาทมาดูแล้ว แต่วันนั้นผ่านไปด้วยดี คิดว่าโอเค พรุ่งนี้ได้กลับละ สรุปตื่นมา หมอกระเพาะบอกโอเคกลับบ้านได้ ถ้ามีอาการเวียนหัวนิดหน่อย ดูโอเคแล้ว ตกบ่าย อ่าวปวดหัวอีกละ เลยบอกขอแอดมิดอีกคืนนะ เพราะกลัวกลับบ้านไปไม่ไหวต้องมาใหม่ วันนั้นเลยถูกส่งหมอกายภาพมา หมอบอกตึงมากกก คอบ่าไหล่ตึงมาก ทนมาได้ไง เลยอัลตร้าซาวพร้อมประคบเย็น (มันดีมาก เป็นแผ่นเจลยาวๆประคบพันคอเลยทีเดียว) หมอบอกโอเค ต้องยืดกล้ามเนื้อบ้างเพราะตึงมากจริงๆ คืนนั้นเอิร์นกลับบ้านไปเก็บของ ม้าเลยมานอนเฝ้าแทน แต่เอิร์นก็รีบมาตอนตี1 กว่าแล้ว อ่ะ เช้ามา อาการดีขึ้นละ แต่เสือกหูอื้อ แบบเสียงตัวเองก้องในหัวตลอดเวลา หมอแกเลยส่งไปหาหมอหูคอจมูกเลย คราวนี้ลองตรวจ อ่ะหูมีขี้หูนิดหน่อย หมอแกดูดออกให้ละสองข้าง คราวนี้หมอบอกในหูมีสูญากาศ อาจจะเกิดจากอาเจียนหนัก เดี๋ยวขอดูจมูกก่อน สรุปจมูกบวมมาก หมอบอกโอเค จมูกบวมเพราะอ้วกหนัก เสร็จทำให้หูอื้อ แล้วนี่บวมมาก น่าจะบวมมาก่อนหน้านี้แล้ว เหมือนเกิดจากภูมิแพ้ ลองตรวจคอดู โอ้โห ต่อมทอนซิลบวม อักเสบเรื้อรังเชียว อ่ะ หมอพาไปส่องกล้องให้ดูเลย เอาเหม็นท่อนเหล็กบางๆแหย่เข้าไป ไม่เจ็บนะ ดห็นชัดเลย จมูกบวมระยะ 4 แนะนำให้ทำผ่าตัด แต่อันนี้กินยาได้ ลดไปสักระยะนึง ไปดูคอบ้าง ดูสิ นิ่วในทอนซิลเต็มเลย มันอักเสบเรื้อรัง แสดงว่าเจ็บคอบ่อยใช่มั้ย หมอเลยจัดมาเลย ยาฆ่าเชื้อ เพราะอักเสบเกิ้น หมอบอกแนะนำว่าถ้าอยากหายขาดให้เอาออก แต่หมอมีวิทยาการใหม่ ชื่อว่า intracapsular laser tonsillectomy เป็นการเลเซอร์ออกเฉพาะส่วนที่อักเสบ ไม่ได้ตัดทั้งต่อมเหมือนเมื่อก่อน เพราะอยากให้มีต่อมไว้ดักเชื้อก่อนลงปอด เป็นวิทยาการที่อเมริกาใช้กัน ในไทยมีหมอแกทำคนเดียว ให้ไปเสิชชื่อได้ แล้วก็มีแกทำคนเดียวจริงๆ แลอ้วเข้ารพเดียวด้วย ค่าใช้จ่ายพยาบาลบอก 180,000 +– 20% ค่าผ่าอย่างเดียวนะ ได้ยินแล้วจะเป็นลม เลยโทรไปปรึกษาแบงค์ แบงค์บอกก็ทำสิ ประกันน่าจะครอบคลุม ก็เลยบอกว่าไว้ก่อน หมอบอกค่อยมาทำหลังจากหายอันนี้ก่อน ยังทำไม่ได้ ถ้ามาหมอก็ยินดี ประกันเคลมได้แน่นอน เราก็อ่ะโอเค กลับห้องไปบอกป๊าม้า ม้าถึงกับปวดหัวกุมขมับ เสร็จตอนบ่ายๆหมอประสาทมาหา เช็คว่าทำไมยังเวียนหัวอยู่ ลองตรวจก็ไม่น่ามีปัญหาอะไร เอานิ้วจิ้มตาและจิ้มนิ้วหมอ หมอแกย้ายนิ้วไปเรื่อยๆ อ่ะปกติ แต่ถ้าไม่ดีขึ้นให้กลับมาหา เพราะปวดหัวเวียนหัวอาจจะบ้านหมุนหรือ ไมเกรน หรือ มีชั้นตะกอนในหู หรือน้ำในหูไม่เท่ากัน คิดว่ากินยาก่อนอาทิตนึง ถถ้าไม่ดีขึ้นเสาร์นี้กลับมาหาหมอ อาจจะต้องทำ ct scan / MRI เลย แต่นนี่ยังไม่เร่งด่วน อีกอย่างอาจจะเกินวงเงินประกัน ไว้ไปเคสหน้าจะดีกว่า อ่ะโอเค กลับบ้านไป กลับมาบ้านหัวยังหมุนเด้อ เวียนๆ เซ ทรงตัวไม่ได้ จนถึงเช้าจ้ะ เหนื่อยแท้ โชคดีประกัน AIA + ไทยประกันจ่ายครอบคลุม ตัดจากเอไอเอก่อนสี่หมื่นกว่า หลังจากนั้นไทยประกันจ่ายต่อ เหลือแค่ค่ายา 917 บาท รอดตัวไปจ้าาา

Barátom és kollégám, Dr. Mary Talley Bowden nemrég tette fel ezt a fontos kérdést, amely a világjárvány idején sokakat zavarba ejtett: “Egy 5 éves korom óta barátom nem akar velem semmit sem kezdeni most a Covid nézeteim miatt. Tudom, hogy ezt mindannyian megtapasztaltuk már. @akheriaty meg tudod magyarázni a pszichopatológiát?”

Azt javaslom, hogy a szociálpszichológia két beszámolója – Matthias Desmet tömegalakítási elmélete és Rene Girard mimetikus fertőzéselmélete – segít megválaszolni ezt a kérdést. Ez a két elmélet nagymértékben hozzájárul a világjárvány során kialakuló néhány rejtélyesebb viselkedésforma magyarázatához.

Az első elmélet, a tömegalakítás, akkor került a nyilvánosság elé, amikor Robert Malone röviden összefoglalta Joe Rogan podcast-jében. Az internet felrobbant, ahogy az emberek többet akartak megtudni a koncepcióról. A Google technikai főnökei közbeléptek, hogy eltemessék az elméletről szóló információkat, amikor az emberek a “tömegalakításra” kerestek. Ez az interjú miatt Malone állandó Twitter-börtönbe került, Rogan-ra pedig dühösek lettek.

Desmet elmélete azonban az elmúlt száz évben felhalmozott szilárd társadalomelméleti és pszichológiai ismereteken alapul. Ahogy Desmet, a Genti Egyetem professzora leírja, a tömegalakítás feltételei között az emberek nem azért vesznek be egy narratívát, mert az igaz, hanem mert az bebetonoz egy társadalmi köteléket, amelyre nagy szükségük van.

A tömeg- (vagy közönség-) formálás egy társadalomban nagyon sajátos feltételek mellett alakul ki. Az első feltétel az, hogy az emberek a más emberekhez való kötődés hiányát, az értelmes társadalmi kötelékek hiányát tapasztalják. Gondoljunk csak a magány járványára, amelyet a bezárások csak súlyosbítottak. Az egyetlen kötődésünk virtuális volt, ami a valódi emberi kapcsolatok elszegényedett helyettesítője.

A második állapot az élet értelmének hiánya, ami közvetlenül következik a társadalmi hálózatokba – családi, szakmai, vallási stb. hálózatokba – való beágyazottság hiányából. Desmet ezzel kapcsolatban megemlíti, hogy a Gallup 2017-es felmérése szerint az emberek 40%-a teljesen értelmetlennek élte meg a munkáját, további 20% pedig arról számolt be, hogy a munkájának erős értelemhiánya van. Mindössze 13% találta értelmesnek a munkáját.

Más társadalomelméleti szakemberek Max Weber-től Emile Durkheim-ig dokumentálták ezt a társadalmi atomizálódás és a vallási dimenzió elvesztésének tendenciáját az elmúlt két évszázadban Nyugaton. A tömegalakítás előfordulása tehát a 19. és 20. században vált gyakoribbá, amikor az ember és a világ mechanisztikus szemlélete kezdett uralkodóvá válni.

A tömegképződés harmadik feltétele a népességben szabadon lebegő szorongás magas szintje. Nincs szükség tanulmányokra, diagramokra és grafikonokra – bár most már rengeteg van belőlük –, hogy ezt az állapotot a világjárvány idején világszerte bebizonyítsuk. A szabadon lebegő szorongás a félelem egy olyan formája, amely nem irányul egy konkrét tárgy vagy helyzet felé. Ha félek a kígyóktól, tudom, hogy mitől félek, és így tudom kezelni ezt azáltal, hogy nem megyek el az állatkert hüllőosztályára, és nem túrázom a sivatagban.

A szabadon lebegő szorongás, mint például a láthatatlan vírus által keltett szorongás, rendkívül elviselhetetlen, mert az embernek nincsenek eszközei arra, hogy szabályozza vagy kontrollálja. Az ebben az állapotban krónikusan megrekedt emberek kétségbeesetten keresnek valamilyen eszközt, amivel kiszabadulhatnak belőle. Tehetetlennek érzik magukat, mert nem tudják, hogy mit kerüljenek vagy mi elől meneküljenek, hogy ezt az ellenszenves lelkiállapotot kezelni tudják.

A negyedik állapot, amely az első háromból következik, a frusztráció és az agresszió magas szintje a lakosság körében. Ha az emberek úgy érzik, hogy szociálisan elszakadtak, hogy az életüknek nincs értelme vagy jelentősége (esetleg azért, mert nem tudnak dolgozni, vagy iskolába járni a bezártság körülményei között), hogy szabadon lebegő szorongás és pszichológiai szorongás gyötri őket, amelynek nincs egyértelmű oka, akkor frusztráltnak és dühösnek is fogják érezni magukat. És nehéz lesz tudni, hogy hová irányítsák ezt a dühöt, ezért az emberek olyan tárgyat keresnek, amelyhez szorongásukat és frusztrációjukat kapcsolhatják.

Ha ilyen körülmények között a tömegmédián keresztül egy olyan narratívát terjesztenek elő, amely a szorongás tárgyát jelzi, és stratégiát kínál e célpont kezelésére. Ez azonban nagyon veszélyes: az emberek feltűnően hajlandóak lesznek részt venni egy olyan stratégiában, amely a narratívában jelzett szorongás tárgyának kizárására vagy akár elpusztítására irányul.

Mivel sok ember kollektíven vesz részt ebben a stratégiában, egy újfajta társadalmi kötelék – egy új szolidaritás – jön létre. Az új társadalmi kötelék az embereket egy erősen averzív mentális állapotból szinte eufórikus megkönnyebbülésbe viszi, ami arra sarkallja őket, hogy részt vegyenek egy társadalmi tömeg kialakításában. Az emberek újra elkezdik érezni az összetartozást, és ezzel a válság egy része megoldódik. Az életnek ezzel a közös kötődéssel kezd értelmet adni, megoldva az értelem problémáját azáltal, hogy egyesülnek a szorongás tárgya ellen, ami egyben a frusztrációjuk és agressziójuk levezetését is lehetővé teszi. De a tömeg álszolidaritása így mindig egy megbélyegzett külső csoport ellen irányul; az övék a harag és az undor által bebetonozott közös kötelék.

Az emberek nem azért veszik be a narratívát, mert hisznek benne, még akkor is, ha az abszurddá válik, és nem áll kapcsolatban a tényekkel, hanem éppen azért, mert az olyan társadalmi köteléket teremt, amelyről nem akarnak lemondani. Mint a hipnózisban, látóterük túlzottan beszűkül, és kizárólag az elfogadott narratíva elemeire összpontosít. Lehet, hogy halványan tudatában vannak a járulékos károknak vagy az ellentmondó tényeknek, de ezeknek alig vagy egyáltalán nincs kognitív vagy érzelmi hatásuk – a bizonyítékok egyszerűen megszűnnek számítani.

Az új társadalmi tömeg haragja pontosan azok ellen az emberek ellen irányul, akik nem akarnak részt venni a tömegalakításban, akik elutasítják az új társadalmi kötelék alapját. Hónapokig, amikor az elnöktől kezdve a közegészségügyi tisztviselőkig magas rangú személyiségek panaszkodtak a “be nem oltottak világjárványa” miatt, világossá vált, hogy ki volt a kijelölt célpont: azok, akik elutasították a társadalmi távolságtartást, a maszk viselését, a védőoltást vagy más kovid intézkedéseket.

Az ezen intézkedések köré csoportosuló tömeg számára ezek rituális viselkedéssé válnak, amelyek megszilárdítják a társadalmi köteléket.

A rituáléban való részvétel, amely nélkülözi a pragmatikus előnyöket és áldozatot követel, azt bizonyítja, hogy a kollektíva magasabb rendű, mint az egyén. A lakosság ezen része számára nem számít, hogy az intézkedések abszurdak-e. Gondoljunk például arra, hogy egy étterembe maszkkal a fejünkön sétálunk be, és amint leülünk, azonnal levesszük.

Desmet kutatásai szerint a teljes népesség körülbelül 30%-a, jellemzően azok, akik temperamentumilag hajlamosak a hipnózisra, teljes mértékben elfogadják azt a narratívát, amely ezt a tömegalakítási folyamatot irányítja. További 40-50% nem fogadja el teljesen a narratívát, de nem is akar nyilvánosan ellenállni, és nem akarja magára vonni az igaz hívők 30%-os szegmensének elmarasztalását. A lakosság további 10-20%-a nem könnyen hipnotizálható, és továbbra is nagyon ellenáll a tömegformálás folyamatának, sőt, megpróbál ellenállni annak romboló túlkapásainak. Az egyén intelligenciaszintje nem korrelál azzal, hogy melyik csoportba kerül, bár néhány személyiségtényező valószínűleg igen.

A tömegbe tartozó egyének áthatolhatatlanok a racionális érvelésre, és ehelyett az élénk vizuális képekre reagálnak, beleértve a grafikonokon és diagramokon bemutatott számokat és statisztikákat, valamint a narratívában központi szerepet játszó üzenetek ismétlését. Desmet továbbá azt állítja, hogy – akárcsak a hipnotizált állapotban, ahol az ember érzéketlen lehet a fájdalomra, ami még az érzéstelenítés nélküli műtétet is lehetővé teszi – a tömegalakítás folyamatába belekerült valaki radikálisan érzéketlenné válik az élet egyéb fontos értékei iránt. Mindenféle javakat elvehetnek tőle, beleértve a szabadságát is, és ő alig vesz tudomást ezekről a veszteségekről és károkról.

Szélsőséges esetekben a tömegek képesek lesznek atrocitások elkövetésére, miközben azt hiszik, hogy szinte szakrális kötelességet teljesítenek a nagyobb jó érdekében. Ahogy Gustave Le Bon, az 1895-ben megjelent klasszikus mű, “A tömeg: A népszerű elme tanulmánya” című könyv szerzője rámutatott: ha az ébren lévők megpróbálják felébreszteni az alvajárókat, kezdetben kevés sikerrel fognak járni; azonban továbbra is békésen és erőszakmentesen kell próbálkozniuk, hogy megakadályozzák a legrosszabb kimeneteleket. Minden erőszakot ürügyként fognak felhasználni az agresszorok, hogy fokozzák üldözésüket és elnyomásukat. Ezért fontos, hogy továbbra is kimondjuk az igazságot és erőszakmentes ellenállást gyakoroljunk.

A tömegalakulás elmélete mellett a jelenség megértéséhez hasznosak a 20. század egyik legnagyobb gondolkodójának, Rene Girard stanfordi professzornak a mimetikus fertőzésről és a bűnbakképző mechanizmusról szóló meglátásai. Ez sok tekintetben kiegészíti a tömegképződési elméletet. Girard úgy látta, hogy nemcsak egymás viselkedését, hanem egymás vágyait is utánozzuk. Végül is ugyanazt (ugyanazokat) a dolgot (dolgokat) akarjuk, például: “Elsőnek kell beállnom a sorba a védőoltásért, ami lehetővé teszi, hogy visszakapjam az életemet”.

Ez mimetikus rivalizáláshoz vezethet, és növelheti a társadalmi feszültséget és konfliktust. Az a mechanizmus, amelyet a társadalmak e konfliktus feloldására használnak, a bűnbakképzés. A társadalmi feszültséget (amelyet a bezárások során és a félelemalapú propagandával felerősítenek) egy személynek vagy személycsoportnak tulajdonítják, azzal a javaslattal, hogy ha csak megszabadulunk a [töltse ki az üres mezőt “tisztátalan” társadalmi tag(ok)kal], akkor a társadalmi feszültség feloldódik.

A bűnbak (ebben az esetben az oltatlanok) száműzése vagy megsemmisítése hamisan azt ígéri, hogy a társadalom visszatér a harmonikus állapotba, és eloszlatja az erőszakos konfliktus veszélyét. Bár a bűnbakképzés némileg enyhíti a társadalmi feszültségeket, ez mindig csak átmeneti. A mimetikus rivalizálás folytatódik, a társadalmi feszültségek ismét felerősödnek, és újabb bűnbakot kell keresni (pl. most az ellenség az állítólagos dezinformációk terjesztői). A körforgás folytatódik.

Érdekes mellékes megjegyzésként Girard azt állította, hogy Krisztus keresztre feszítése leleplezte ezt a bűnbakképző mechanizmust, és egyúttal meg is szüntette annak hatalmát, mivel felfedte, hogy a bűnbak ártatlan áldozat – ezzel megfosztva a bűnbakképző mechanizmust ideiglenes hatalmától. A bűnbak áldozatának ártatlansága, a mimetikus fertőzés végső fázisa olyan lecke, amelyet még mindig nem tanultunk meg.

https://aaronkheriaty.substack.com/p/mass-formation-mimetic-contagion

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