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สมัยที่เรียนหนังสือเขามักจะเอา Fibonacci number มาเป็นตัวอย่างกัน function ก็เป็นงี้ครับ

fib(0) = 0 fib(1) = 1 fib(n) = fib(n-1) + fib(n-2) สำหรับ n มากกว่า 1

ซึ่งเอามาแปลงเป็น Clojure ได้แบบตรงไปตรงมาเลย

(def fib
  (fn [n]
    (if (<= n 1) n
        (+ (fib (- n 1)) (fib (- n 2))))))

ผมลองรันบนเครื่องผมใช้เวลา 4.324 วินาที ซึ่งมันช้าเพราะไปเรียก fib ซ้ำไปซ้ำมา ดูง่าย ๆ fib(4) ก็ไปเรียก fib(3), fib(2) แล้ว fib(3) ก็ไปเรียก fib(2) อีกซ้ำ พอเลขมากก็ซ้ำไปเรื่อย ๆ

จริง ๆ มันมีวิธีหล่อ ๆ เยอะแยะที่จะแก้ปัญหานี้ให้เร็วขึ้น แต่ถ้าเราไม่ต้องหล่อมาแก้แบบดอกเดียวเสร็จก็ใช้ memoize เขียนแบบนี้

(def fib
  (memoize
   (fn [n]
     (if (<= n 1) n
         (+ (fib (- n 1))
            (fib (- n 2)))))))
(println (time (fib 42)))

แก้นิดเดียวเอา memoize มาครอบ function ไว้ มันจะจำ function ที่เคยเรียกไว้แล้วส่งผลกลับมาเลยโดยไม่ต้องไล่ยาว ผลคือโปรแกรมใช้เวลารันเหลือ 0.820 วินาที

จริง ๆ มันจบแล้วล่ะ แต่เขียนให้ดูอีก function แบบใช้ loop

(defn fib [n]
  (loop [i 1 acc0 0 acc1 1]
    (if (< i n)
      (recur (inc i) acc1 (+ acc0 acc1))
      acc1)))      
(println (time (fib 42)))

อันนี้ใช้เวลาแค่ 0.0976 วินาที แต่ก็จะเห็นได้ว่าโปรแกรมเปลี่ยนไปเยอะ เปลี่ยนวิธีคิดเยอะ memoize นี่มันแทบไม่ต้องคิดต้องเขียนอะไรมากเลย ใส่ไปแล้วได้ผลเลย

ขอบคุณ visibletrap@twitter.com ที่แนะนำ function time มาครับ

ผมมักจะไปสร้าง script ด้วย Python สั้น ๆ ไว้ใน $HOME/bin หรือ /usr/local/bin ก็ได้ แล้วก็ chmod 755 <ชื่อไฟล์> แล้วก็จะได้เรียกจาก shell ได้เลย

ผมเขียนไว้ 3 ตัวตามนี้

/usr/local/bin/deepcut

#!/usr/bin/env python
# * mode: python-mode *

import deepcut
import json
import sys

for line in sys.stdin:
    line = line.strip()
    print(json.dumps(deepcut.tokenize(line)))

/usr/local/bin/newmm

#!/usr/bin/env python
# * mode: python-mode *

from pythainlp.tokenize import word_tokenize

import json
import sys

for line in sys.stdin:
    line = line.strip()
    print(json.dumps(word_tokenize(line ,engine='newmm')))

/usr/local/bin/wordcutpy

#!/usr/bin/env python
# * mode: python-mode *

from wordcut import Wordcut
import json
import sys

wordcut = Wordcut.bigthai()

for line in sys.stdin:
    line = line.strip()
    print(json.dumps(wordcut.tokenize(line)))

เรียกใช้งาน

ใน shell จะเรียกเดี่ยว ๆ ก็ได้แบบ

$ newmm < file1.txt > file1.ndjson

แต่ส่วนมากก็จะเรียกผ่าน for-loop เถื่อน ๆ แบบนี้

$ for x in *.txt; do newmm < $x > $x.ndjson; done

พอได้ไฟล์มาก็เอาไปใช้กับภาษาอื่นต่อได้

/usr/local/bin/wcnt

#!/usr/bin/env ruby
# * mode: ruby-mode *

require "json"
require "csv"

h = Hash.new(0)
while gets
  JSON.parse($_.chomp)
    .each{|w| h[w.chomp] += 1}
end
h.to_a.each{|row| puts CSV::generate_line(row)}

เวลาเรียกก็ไป pipe แบบนี้เลย

cat file1.txt | newmm | wcnt

เดี๋ยวนี้คนดี ๆ เขาคงใช้ Jupyter กันหมดแล้ว ผมก็พยายามฝึกอยู่เหมือนกัน แต่ยังไม่คล่อง บางทีก็เลยเอาแบบนี้ไปก่อน

An Irregular Encounter, Part 1

Elementary characters: Gay, Ms. Hudson

Elementary Characters: Gay, Ms Hudson

Edith Hudson let herself into the brownstone, keys clattering against the doorframe, her supplies and such in a brown mop bucket over her other arm. She was never sure what she’d see when she got in...once she had seen Holmes standing on his head in the drawing room, and another memorable morning he’d been naked, three attractive call girls providing him their services at once. Edith had caught herself staring, in fact...at all of them. She’d half been tempted to say something, see if she couldn’t join in with...whatever it was they were attempting. But finally, she’d been too shy, embarrassed really. What would any of them have found attractive about her, after all? She had never really been hounded by throngs of suitors; just chasers who weren’t interested in hooking up, just bent upon harassing her. And she’d been quite interested in that one blonde’s tattoo...couldn’t quite read what it said… Honestly, though, she found Dr. Watson a lot more appealing. Not that the feeling was mutual, though. Edith pretty much had her pegged as much too straight for her own good. Today, though, there was no sign of the doctor or the consulting detective. And nary a police officer in sight…. Instead, she saw nobody at all. A bit of a letdown, all in all, she thought as she put her things down in the foyer. Ah, well. There’s plenty here to tidy up. Never mind the photos all over the wall, including...wait, surely that was Jake Terry, the star of that cooking show…? Well, never mind. None of her business, after all. She was ready to get things straighted up, so to speak, and privacy put her in a singing mood. With a smile and a song, and all that… she started humming to herself, something from Cole Porter, if memory served...and now for the melody… So in love….so in love...so in love with you, my love...am I….. Her emotional strains, inspired today by the memory of her ex, now a two-year-old memory, were here interrupted by a call from upstairs. “Hello?” Now who could that be? “Who’s there, please? Sherlock’s out today…” They met on the stairs. Edith was staring up at … well, honestly, the woman of her dreams. She got a bit flustered, smiling up at the girl as prettily as she could, sizing up her chances and figuring that they were not all that great, though she imagined this lady was most probably gay...which might be to her advantage… “Hi!” Edith called up. “Good to meet you, I’m Edith Hudson, I come in once a week to tidy up for the boys.” “Tidy up. Well, you do a hell of a job, Edith.” “Umm...well, Sherlock doesn’t like me to touch most of his stuff, so there’s only so much I can achieve…” “Shit, I know, just giving you a hard time!” She had a really cute laugh. To Edith’s surprise, she realized that the girl on the stairs was smiling at her, and giving her the once over...and now her grin was getting bigger.” You dating either of them? “Me? Good Lord, no!” Edith realized she had started to blush.” I mean, Sherlock is quite a looker, but he’s really such a..beast, after all. No manners.” She decided to press her luck a bit more. “And honestly...he’s not really my type.” Edith smiled broadly as she stepped upwards a few more steps, watching the girl’s eyes to see how she would respond to a line like that... too obvious, Edith, you always were… The girl was now within arm’s reach, having stepped a bit farther down the stairs. She reached out for Edith’s hand and shook it strongly. “Well, as for me, I’m really...gay!” Edith really wasn’t quite sure what to make of that remark, but the girl retained pressure on her hand, so she decided to wait and see what happened. The woman at the top of the stairs finally released Edith’s hand, still smiling with an ironic look. “And it’s my name, too.” Edith was blushing again, if anything even harder. “Well, that’s pretty handy… and a pretty hand, too, I must say!” OK, this time she must be pressing her luck, but on the other hand, she seemed to be getting some fairly clear signs, in all fairness. Gay seemed a trifle embarrassed, now, too, and pressed on. “I’m a scientist, myself, I study rivers and erosion and fun stuff like that. Sherlock called me up to look into these developers. Come on, take a look...it’s in the bedroom!” The bedroom? Well, well…. it was probably nothing after all, but Edith willingly followed Gay and her cute backside upstairs. Not one of those skinny lesbians, she was thinking. But that’s really all the better, to my taste. Lovely lips… and I’ll bet… Edith’s train of thought was derailed as she saw that Gay had plopped down on the edge of the bed, facing an array of computer monitors showing erosion patterns and other such scientific rigamarole...she was less than interested in that kind of display, but then Gay was patting the space next to her on the bed, and Edith simply could not resist...despite a stifled case of the giggles... for maybe she'd get a different kind of display to admire...the way Gay was looking at her lips...

~more to come~

Our first visit—You and me, part 1

Dear dreamsweetie,

The time we’ve been planning for all these months is finally going to happen! I can’t wait to see you, love. After so many times chatting back and forth, FaceTiming, and whatnot, we’re going to be in each other’s arms this Friday! I can hardly believe it!

Well, as you can imagine, I’ve had this in mind a whole lot recently. I’ve made all sorts of plans...more than we can possibly complete in our first brief visit, I’m afraid. But I’m going to keep the faith… that we’ll have many more visits!

I have some time before my 1 PM class, so i thought I’d just get to work describing how our first visit might start out. . . Day One! I’m so glad you’re arriving pretty early in the day. I know you’ve never shied away from intimate descriptions of our times together in chats, so I thought I’d get into some detail here. Of course, we don’t have to stick to any of this...but if it gets your imagination going, that’s a good thing, right?

And I’m fairly sure that I know what will happen as soon as we get together by the arrivals gate. I’m gonna make sure you won’t regret your decision to come see me! Girlfriend, that first hug, that first kiss...let’s make them memorable. Ooh, I feel a little tingle in my tongue just thinking about our first smooch!! And...not just in my tongue, either! But first things first.

I think we can skip over the next few bits...like putting your luggage in the back, holding hands as I drive you home (we’ll have the place to ourselves, it’s all worked out!) … Do you think you’ll feel shy? Honestly, I don’t think I will be. We can just snuggle on the couch at first, that seems about right to me. And I will want to start out lying on top of you as we start to make out. Honey, I just can’t wait. This is going to be amazing! I’ve pictured this a thousand times, but I mean, damn...feeling your tongue stud moving on my tongue...feeling your nipples start to get hard against mine (I’m not planning on wearing a bra for this, girl). And you’re going to get some love marks on your neck...at least….

But as I straddle you, what I’m looking forward to first is feeling your hen under me, coming to life...as I respond by grinding hard against your boner. This will be my very first test drive, baby...now that I’m all recovered from bottom surgery. I’m really glad you’re gonna have your hen still for this first time!! A little farewell party for us girls.

Babe, I’m already getting wet just writing this letter to you...here, smell in this circle… a little preview…

And my thoughts race forward a bit. I know your left boob is your favorite, and I’m going to be giving it my full attention, you know I will! As my hand slips down to caress you through your panties...And I’ll lift my skirt up for you to touch me for the first time. You’ll be the first ever, you know. That’s pretty special, if you ask me! Just like you! Babe, touch me… touch my ass. I don’t think I’ll even care about getting to bed with you this first time. Right there on the couch, with the picture window wide open...you’re gonna feel my hand on your hen as I guide you into my brand new pussy. I just won’t be able to wait! You won’t mind, love, will you? ;–)

I wonder how many times we’ll be able to get together at my place, or even yours, before you have your GRS? I don’t know if your family will be there for you at the hospital but I hope I can be there, holding your hand….we can try and figure that out while you’re at my place, over breakfast! Oh god I want to kiss you!!

And later on, well I know you’ve seen some pictures, but I’m going to give you a full guided tour to my new pussy. You’ve gotta eat me out, OK? I know you’ll say yes...if your mouth isn’t too occupied at the time! I love my clitty, you know I’ve always wanted one and this came out so cute!! Pussy, too, of course...doctor Craig is a real artiste! I kind of wish you’d had the chance to sample me before the big change, but it’s really okay. This is more like the real me, anyhow.

Oh, wait, I forgot to mention one really important thing: babe, I’m so in love with you, you know that though! :D

OK so I feel like it’s time for a little sharper focus, I’ve got like 45 minutes before class. I’ve got this great skirt for today, and some brand new tights. And I bet you can’t guess what cute cartoon character is on my T shirt? Obvious, I know, but that’s what I’m gonna wear when I pick you up, too...I’ll send you some pics before class!

So here’s how I see us getting ready for bed. We’re gonna need a nice long sleep after what I’ve got planned, lady! So we’re all showered and clean after dinner and whatever sweat we’ve worked up during the day, and it’s about ten thirty at night. I’ll be wearing my favorite nightie, you know which one! And since I don’t know what you’ll be wearing, I’ll have to make up something for you so I can get into more detail...I know! You can wear that hot burgundy piece of lingerie, I love that!

Well, then. To business! I’ll be on my bed, open to you, and I’ll call you over to get things rolling. I’m sure I’ll have some suitable things to tell you as you come over, you’re so adorable! Anyway, I am sure we’ll want to have some chat and kissing at first, that’s always a good start. Well, as we do that, I’ll grab your ass and pull you tight against me. You know how much I love that booty, girl! And because I’m just so ready, I’m gonna ask you to lie down on your back so I can get a good taste of your big ol’ hen! But first...hickies on your thighs… that’s important. I’ll lick your asshole, too, I’ve been dreaming about that. As I start sucking on your thighs and licking your balls, I’ll going to start fingering you...just one at first, but I bet I’ll be able to get three in there fairly soon. I have a bit of a surprise to share with you once we get past that stage, babe; just let your imagination wander! Now I know it’s possible after all your titty skittles, you won’t be able to penetrate me, but don’t you worry about that. I know how to make you real happy...imagine my tongue sliding up from your balls and slowwwwwly up all the way to that little flap that feels so damn good… watch out, I might give that area a little nip! But I’m not gonna hurt you, sweetie! Just for fun. I’m grabbing your ass and getting you all the way up into my mouth, my throat...that’ll feel nice, won’t it? And I won’t mind a bit if you end up cumming right up in me… I’ll swallow every little drop! And then we’ve gotta kiss, so you can taste yourself… that is, if you want to! Oh, I forgot to mention the moment when I told you to get out of that sexy lingerie! Whoops! :D

So that’s how we can start out. We can try a little bit of everything, babe...and that’s just the first night!

I’ll write you tomorrow, my little coochiepie, and keep the story going! I hope you liked it!

I love you, write me back, baby!

~Your slutty little girl~

#firstirlmeeting_series

Une nouvelle série qui a débutée sa diffusion a attiré mon attention. Il s'agit de Doom Patrol. Cette série relate les aventures d'un groupe de super-héros mais qui sont un peu des loosers. En fait certains personnages ont été introduit dans le quatrième épisode de la première saison de Titans dont j'avais écrit un article il y a quelques temps.

Nous avons donc Niles Caudel alias le Chef, interprété par le célèbre Timothy Dalton, qui est une sorte de scientifique qui recueille des parias munis de pouvoirs. Le groupe se constitue donc de Cliff Steele alias RobotMan, ex pilote de Nascar mort et dont le cerveau s'est retrouvé dans le corps d'un Robot, Rita alias Elastic-Girl, ancienne star de cinéma des années 30 dont le corps se déforme, Larry alias Negative Man, ancien pilote d'essai de l'Air Force frappée par une force cosmique lors d'un vol, Crazy Jane, fille ingérable avec ses 64 personnalités différentes, et, enfin, Cyborg, mi-homme mi-robot (le personnage est apparu dans le film Justice League).

Alors on regarde ? Perso, ce que j'ai aimé dans les personnages c'est leur coté looser, qui les rend attachants au passage, on a vraiment du mal à les imaginer sauver le monde. Du coup, c'est une série avec beaucoup d'humour. Dès le premier épisode, la voix du narrateur avec son ton ironique n'est autre que celle du grand méchant et c'est aussi assez original.

Bref, si vous aimez les super héros DC avec une bonne dose de rigolade, Doom Patrol devrait vous plaire. Et en plus le générique est sympa:

#seriestv

I failed to download a list of PDFs by Wget, cURL, and Slimerjs. So I used Firefox and shell script.

First, I disable Pdfjs to force Firefox to download PDFs.

I wrote a shell script for opening a URL with PDF file, and then I use xdotool to close the Firefox window. For xdotool command, thank Jon G – Megaphone Tech for his comment at Unix Exchange.

#!/bin/sh

for url in `sort -u eng_pdf_urls.txt | grep -i pdf`
do
    echo $url
    firefox -P exp1 "$url" &
    sleep 10
    echo CLOSE
    xdotool search "Mozilla Firefox" windowactivate --sync key --window 0 --clearmodifiers alt+F4
    sleep 10
done

I didn't use headless because I don't know how to close it properly. I tried timeout command but Firefox detected it as an improper shutdown.

I ported my program for showing concurrency from Erlang to Elixir. I guess this is still not Idiomatic Elixir. 😅

defmodule Con1 do
  def log(p, i) when rem(i, 3000) == 0 do
    IO.puts "#{p} #{i}"
  end
  def log(_, _) do
    :ok
  end

  def cnt(_, 0) do
    :ok
  end
  def cnt(p, i) do
    log(p, i)
    cnt(p, i - 1)
  end

  def par_cnt(0) do
    :ok
  end
  def par_cnt(n) do
    spawn fn() -> cnt(n, 3000000) end
    par_cnt(n - 1)
  end
end

Nouvelle série qui a attiré ma curiosité. Même si je me méfie des séries diffusées sur les gros networks comme Fox, j'ai donné sa chance à The Passage. Cette série est tirée d'un roman à succès que je n'ai pas lu pour ma part. Le pitch, afin de trouver un vaccin aux maladies de type Ebola, SRAS...etc, le projet Noah a été mis en place. Pour cela, les scientifiques analyse un virus trouvé au fond d'une forêt en Bolovie. Le problème c'est que ce virus peut guérir de tout mais change l'être humain en sorte de vampire. L'agent fédéral, Wolgast, qui n'est pas au courant de tout ce qui se passe au sein du projet Noah, est chargé d'aller chercher des condamnés à mort afin que l'équipe scientifique s'en servent comme cobayes pour le recherche. Seulement, voilà, un jour on demande à Wolgast de ramener une jeune fille, Amy Bellafonte, et là cela en est trop pour lui, au lieu de la livrer, il décide de la protéger et de se rebeller face à ses supérieurs.

Moment nostalgie, le héros principal, Wolgast, est interprété par Mark-Paul Gosslaar, c'était Zach Morris dans -Sauver par le gong_, les trentenaires comprendront :-D

Ce qui m'a attiré c'est le coté vampire mais plus dans le style horreur qu'histoire d'amour à la Twilight. Le plus intéressant n'est pas forcement les moments Wolgast-Amy en mode fuite mais plutôt ce qui se passe au projet Noah. Sans trop spoiler, les cobayes dont le patient zero sont retenus dans des cellules au sous-sol et plusieurs évènement étranges commencent à se passer. Le patient zero peut exercer une forte influence psychique sur les autres sujets et même les humains qui passent trop de temps près des cellules. J'ai apprécié certains flashbacks dont ceux sur certains cobayes. Ils ont été condamnés à mort par la justice mais on comprend mieux avec ces flashbacks le passé de Babcock et de Carter par exemple.

Alors on regarde ? si vous aimez les vampires et un peu de frisson, je dirais oui. Après je vous rappelle que c'est une série de Fox, certains raccourcis scénaristiques peuvent laissent à désirer et j'ai un peu peur d'un effet à la Prison Break, c'est à dire, une première saison intéressante et captivante mais que se passera t'il dans la saison 2 ? Surtout si les viruls (vampires) arrivent à s'échapper et qu'Amy se transforme... je pense que j'aurais moins d'engouement à regarder cette série.

#seriestv

With all the intelligence and the arrogance we have annexed with it, have we managed so far to define human value through work?

And because we cannot (want to) solve the self-created, smouldering conflicts in ourselves – for this we would have to acknowledge them – do we hold others responsible for them?

How pathetic. How pathetic. How narrow-minded.

Pant precious stupidly after the money, you don't understand range of humankind anyway.

#Dull #Society #Lethargy #Slave

Artikel auf Deutsch

Crystal intentionally looks similar to Ruby. However, Crystal is a static typing programming language. A Thai word segmentation program written in Crystal, which is a CPU bound program, was found almost as fast as one written in Go.

I wondered whether its concurrency support was like what I expected. So I did this experiment. By spawning, Crystal did not create any new thread because it doesn't support multithreading parallelism yet. To support concurrency, Crystal has to be able to switch fibers when a fiber performs non-blocking IO operation.

require "socket"

def load(id, chan)
  puts "ID=#{id}; START"
  (id..11).each do 
    socket = TCPSocket.new("www.ku.ac.th", 80)
    socket.close
  end
  puts "ID=#{id}; FINISH"
  chan.send nil
end

def main
  chan = Channel(Nil).new
  (1..10).each{|i| spawn(load(i,chan))}
  # Wait
  (1..10).each{chan.receive}
end

main 

In this program, a task with the id with a smaller number creates a TCP socket repeatedly more times than a task with a larger number id. For example task#1 establishes a TCP socket for 11 times and task#10 create a TCP socket for one time only. So even task#1 started long before task#10, task#10 should finish before task#1.

ID=1; START
ID=2; START
ID=3; START
ID=4; START
ID=5; START
ID=6; START
ID=7; START
ID=8; START
ID=9; START
ID=10; START
ID=10; FINISH
ID=9; FINISH
ID=8; FINISH
ID=7; FINISH
ID=6; FINISH
ID=5; FINISH
ID=4; FINISH
ID=3; FINISH
ID=2; FINISH
ID=1; FINISH

The result was that task#1 finished after task#10 although task#1 started before task#10, show that Crystal can switch tasks. And the important thing is the code looks like regular Ruby code, without async-await nor promise nor callback.

test

The greed for profit of the economy is immoderate, which is why dishonest methods of increase have overtaken. On consumer side, greed for one's own overreaching turns off all reasonable action. Consumers know that alleged bargains are overpriced nonstarters. Despite this annoyance, they act as repeat offenders. This is why companies are not afraid of damaging their image. Already with the next offer all lie themselves again in the arms. Which, by the way, is a common behavior. Shameful.

#Greed #Dazzle #Unleash

Artikel auf Deutsch

Un peu d'OpenSuse, de Solus, d'elementary OS et même de Pop! OS :-D

Challenge avec OpenSuse Tumbleweed

Donc après le challenge avec elementary OS, voici celui avec OpenSuse Tumbleweed. D'ailleurs il y a un vote sur twitter pour savoir quelle distribution sera choisie pour le challenge suivant:

VOTE on the next #Linux Community Distro Challenge!
Will it be @ManjaroLinux, @SolusProject or @fedora?

(Once a winner is decided, we'll vote on which flavor / desktop environment.)

— Jason Evangelho (@killyourfm) 28 février 2019

Vous voulez Solus 4 ? À vous de jouer !

Toujours pas de Solus 4 et il y a une raison à cela. Il reste encore des traductions à faire pour Budgie, donc n'hésitez pas à faire passer le mot.

Reminder: The closer we get to up-to-date translations for Budgie Desktop, the closer we get to Budgie 10.5 release (as well as the release of Solus 4)! If you want to help translate, you can get started by signing up at https://t.co/78w2oQaG1a and start suggesting translations!

— Solus (@SolusProject) 29 janvier 2019

Chez elementary OS

L'AppCenter dispose de nouvelles catégories. Notez au passage que le bureau Pantheon n'a pas de support pour KDEconnect (pour relier son smartphone Android à son PC afin d'avoir notifications, SMS, transfert de fichiers...). Quelqu'un a démarré le projet Conecto pour répondre à cet oubli, à voir si cela aboutira à quelque chose de fonctionnel.

Des news de Pop!OS chaque semaine

Le site Pop Planet se lance dans des news hebdomadaires sur Pop! OS, voici la première édition.

On se retrouve en Avril

#editos #solus #elementaryos #android #linux #popos

You will often hear certain Jews referred to as Europeans, but surprisingly few people are aware of the story of how those Jews came to live in Europe in the first place. This is how it happened:

1. Our homeland, Yehuda, was occupied by the Romans. Initially they installed a puppet king, and later they came to rule it directly.

2. After two failed rebellions, our temple and capital city (Jerusalem) were destroyed. The Romans rebuilt the city as a Roman city and put a temple to Jupiter in place of our temple.

3. After our third failed rebellion we were banned from Jerusalem and forbidden from practicing our religion in the land, and many of us were sold into slavery.

4. A mass exodus began at this point due to intolerable conditions as well as forced expulsions. A minority stayed in Galilee (where the “Jerusalem Talmud” was written), but most were dispersed.

5. We had previously been exiled to Babylon, so many of us moved back to that general area, where a Jewish community remained; it was there that the Babylonian Talmud was written. Others went to Southern Europe and further north to Gaul, whether as slaves or people pursuing basic necessities in a foreign land.

6. Those of us who remained in Galilee rebelled two more times under Roman/Byzantine rule and most were massacred.

7. Within a century, the Arab invasion happened. At this point the population of Palestine was mostly Christian with a small Jewish minority (the people who were able to hide from the massacring Byzantines in the mountains) as well as a Samaritan minority. Over the next few centuries the population became predominantly Arab Muslim as a result of settlement from the Peninsula as well as conversion of some Christians, a large number of Samaritans, and probably some Jews as well. A small number of Jewish farmers have never left the land.

8. The large community of Jews displaced to what became the Frankish and later Holy Roman Empire came to be known as “Ashkenazi.”

9. The large community of Jews displaced to Iberia came to be known as “Sephardi.”

10. Many other communities existed throughout the Middle East, Europe, Africa, Asia, etc.. Most of the communities remained in touch using Hebrew as a written lingua franca; others became isolated.

11. Jewish life under Arab rule was undeniably far better than European/Roman rule; writings from the time show considerable mutual respect and admiration between the two peoples. For example, a Hebrew-language poet from Muslim Spain wrote: “וגן עדנך יהו סיפרי קדושים / ופרדסך יהו סיפרי ערבים”: “And may your Garden of Eden be the books of the holy ones [Tanakh], / And may your Paradise be the books of the Arabs.” The two peoples literally coexisted peacefully through the arts (among other things), unlike Jews and Europeans.

12. The Crusades killed and displaced even more Jews from Palestine, at the same time as Crusaders killed many European Jews.

13. In Europe, we were forced at various points to wear yellow stars, specific hats, and other things identifying us as Jews, subjecting us to violence and intense trauma. Laws called “Jewish disabilities” prevented us from participating fully in society. Often we were made to do the jobs that were generally detested but considered necessary by the ruling class – hence we would be easy to sacrifice in bad times.

14. The Christian Reconquista forced Sephardim out of Spain; many went back to North Africa and the Middle East, where they integrated with existing communities, but others spread out into Europe to places like the Netherlands and France.

15. Only during the Enlightenment were Jewish disabilities gradually removed (legally), in the hopes we would assimilate into the new areligious Revolutionary French rationalist society.

16. This didn't happen and we remained de facto outsiders. At various points we were reminded that we were outsiders in hate crimes known as pogroms, the worst of which was the Holocaust, which also brought about the return of Jewish disabilities for a while.

17. As a result of all these pogroms it became clear that it would never, ever be possible for us to be safe among Europeans, that we would always be outsiders, even if we were temporarily tolerated. That any freedom we might think we have was an illusion, and it would be ripped away as soon as it was convenient. This was, and is, a fact, as we can see with the way Nazis are rising again.

So this is why a lot of Jews who lived in Europe for a time have a huge problem with being called “Europeans.” We were never Europeans, nor are any of us Europeans now. Calling us Europeans is erasing the reality of the uneven power dynamic between us and actual Europeans. It's erasing the fact that we were colonized by Europeans and forced by Europeans out of the land that we are indigenous to.

This is independent of Zionism, of course, which I'm unequivocally against. Britain did not have the right to give Palestine to the Jews at the expense of the other peoples. The displacement of the Palestinian people was not OK. The occupation, the wall, etc. are not OK. It's not OK to have a Jewish state in an area that has always had so many people of different ethnic groups, regardless of history. It was never OK for a Jewish kingdom to rule over other peoples to begin with.

But this history is important because when you whitewash Jews as “Europeans” this is denying our long history of trauma and denying the reason any of us ever had to move to Europe in the first place, as well as the fact that we never became fully accepted/assimilated Europeans and have always been considered outsiders to be tolerated or not tolerated.

Of course it's also a very simplified history, and ignores all the good things that came of Jewish interaction with other cultures. Still, it's extremely important that people distinguish us from our oppressors and recognize the history behind how we came to live under them. And that was the aim of this long post, formed from Mastodon threads. Not to celebrate the Jewish diaspora (which I do very often), but to explain how it came about. As well as to show how antisemitic it is when resistance to Zionism centers around denying Jewish history rather than saying that this history does not justify a single thing that Israelis have done to Palestinians.

Sadly, lots of people think it's merely “anti-Zionist” to erase Jewish history, and it isn't just that. I could, of course, excuse such sentiments among Palestinians; no one likes their oppressor. But in truth these arguments rarely come from them. We're far more likely to see such sentiments among white western Europeans, as though they believe that by expressing such sentiments, they are opposing colonialism rather than continuing it. The truth is that when white Europeans deny Jewish history, they are merely continuing this long history of imperialism that led Jews to become a persecuted minority among them.

Na primeira vez que li esse livro, senti um leve nó na cabeça, como se algo tivesse me despertado. Foi uma surpresa. E não há nada mais gostoso numa leitura do que sentir o prazer da surpresa de uma narrativa. Você simplesmente não espera que tal ação vá acontecer. E quando acontece: algo te acorda, desperta, sorri para você e a sua reação é ficar atônito.

Cecilia Skotbu me marcou. Ela representa, talvez, todos nós, cuja necessidade de sonhar é inerente a persona que você carrega.

Ela está doente. A família tem noção da gravidade de sua doença, mas Cecilia não sabe. Ela dorme e acorda achando que está apenas acamada com algo que logo será curado. O livro se passa durante os festejos de Natal. E não foi por acaso que Gaarder escolheu justamente este tema: é a época cujas famílias se reúnem, fazem suas refeições juntas, trocam presentes e afetos. Atitudes estas que não são recorrentes nos outros dias do ano. A família cuida de Cecilia como quem cuida de uma pessoa bem idosa, quase à beira da morte. A maioria das necessidades dela são atendidas.

Daí, em meio ao sono e a dor de sua doença, ela conhece um anjo. Ele passa, então, a guiá-la todos os dias, acompanhando-a em cada passo, em cada dia. Ele explica que não é um ser humano, e sim um ser iluminado por Deus, cuja missão é cuidar dela até… enfim. Cecilia então passa a “viajar” com o anjo, conversa com ele todos os dias, escreve num diário o que aprendeu. Todas as noites, ele faz companhia a Cecilia, e ensina muita coisa sobre a Terra, o sol, as pessoas, as atitudes, os homens e o mundo. Ele até tenta explicar quem ele é de verdade, demonstrando que consegue ultrapassar paredes, estar em vários lugares ao mesmo tempo com a força do pensamento. Mas ele lamenta, por exemplo, não conseguir sentir o gosto das coisas assim como os humanos sentem. E ele explica isso a Cecilia da forma mais “doce” possível.

As coisas que vai aprendendo ela anota num caderninho. Ali ela escreveu, por exemplo:

Nós enxergamos tudo num espelho, obscuramente. Às vezes conseguimos espiar através do espelho e ter uma visão de como são as coisas do outro lado. Se conseguíssemos polir mais esse espelho, veríamos muito mais coisas. Porém não enxergaríamos mais a nós mesmos.

Nas coisas em que escrevo, não gosto de contar o final dos livros. A não ser que seja um livro bem clássico, cujo final é de conhecimento geral. Neste, prefiro que o leitor procure na livraria mais próxima, na loja virtual, peça emprestado, etc, e leia. É gostoso perceber o quão envolve e filosófico o livro é e o quanto ele consegue nos deixar pensativos, tentando entender o sentido de tudo, o sentido das coisas e pessoas a sua volta. Posso dizer que você não vai se arrepender.

‘Quero Minha Mãe’, de Adélia Prado, é uma narrativa “despedaçada”, como aqueles cadernos que usamos para escrever alguns pensamentos e guardamos na gaveta. Depois de dias, a gente se lembra dele, escreve mais alguma coisa e guarda novamente no mesmo lugar. Foi isto que percebi ao ler a obra.

Na primeira folha, somos impactados: Olímpia é diagnosticada com câncer e discorre sobre isto em pensamentos soltos. A cada página é como se fôssemos levados pelo inconsciente — que na verdade está bem consciente — da autora. Cada página, um rabisco. Na época de lançamento, Adélia estava prestes a completar 70 anos. Uma vida inteira de experiências posta em poucas folhas de papel.

A grande referência da autora durante a narrativa é, obviamente, a sua mãe. Num trecho, ela diz: “Estou me lembrando da minha mãe, morreu num mês de setembro, a três meses da minha formatura no ginásio, cercada de travesseiros, os lábios muito roxos, puxando o ar, minhas tias, meu pai, meus irmãos em volta”.

A história do livro — e a narrativa da autora — me fez lembrar de minha tia-avó. Ela se chamava Tainha, com o ‘a’ nasalizado, como em ‘são’. Morava sozinha, tinha dois gatos (o Chitãozinho e o Xororó), gostava de ler, mas nunca escrevia. Consigo imaginar Tainha falando que nem Olímpia, observando causos da vida, falando do câncer, das relações com as irmãs e pessoas próximas. Rezando as aves-marias, pedindo perdão a Deus por algum deslize e em seguida cometendo-o sem dó.

Precisamos de nossas mães. No meio da turbulência, nos dão um pedacinho de paz. Aquela paz que reconforta, faz lembrar um boa época da vida, que assopra o coração nervoso e acalenta nosso ser. No meio de tudo isto, Olímpia só queria sua mãe.