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Qualche anno fa, una volta letto l’articolo molto bello, che riporto qui di seguito, non avevo resistito, visto che sono di quella zona, alla tentazione di dire, su un mio blog che a quel tempo non era solo di fotografie come adesso, la mia. Ed oggi mi appresto a riprodurre sia quei bei pensieri che le mie considerazioni di allora. Ancora un aspetto: la località qui richiamata é, con certi suoi dintorni, Bevera, frazione di Ventimiglia (IM), nell’estremo ponente di Liguria.

Era così, mezzo secolo fa, la campagna intorno a casa, con la linea ferroviaria dismessa, che prima della guerra collegava la riviera con la Val Roja e Cuneo, dove ho vissuto i primi anni della mia infanzia. Era il nostro territorio di gioco, quando non esistevano la televisione, i videogiochi, i monopattini e avevamo a disposizione quei lunghi pomeriggi estivi, assolati cieli alti e striduli dal frinire assordante delle cicale che vegliavano su di noi appollaiate sui rami dei ciliegi. Oltre alle cicale non si sentiva altro, forse ogni tanto il latrato di un cane. Né aerei, né automobili, né motopompe, né motozappe. Il lavoro in campagna si svolgeva a mano e in silenzio. La terra si arava e dissodava col magaglio, l’erba falciata con la “serra” a schiena curva, lavoro da donne, il verderame alle viti veniva irrorato con una pompa di stagno, fissata sulle spalle e azionata dalla mano dell’uomo. Anche la gente allora era più silenziosa. Poche chiacchiere e a bassa voce. Strano come nella mia infanzia non abbia mai udito urlare nessuno. Anche i gesti erano misurati, dalla stanchezza che non concedeva sprechi. Per noi bambini c’era la terra, l’acqua, il cielo, le piante, gli animali selvatici, gli odori e la ferrovia abbandonata, col cancello che chiudeva il passaggio a livello ancora cigolante sui cardini che spingevano con tutta la forza delle nostre braccia per poi saltarci sopra appena presa la rincorsa. Gli odori. Lungo la massicciata cresceva rigogliosa una pianta infestante dal fusto poco più grande di un pollice con le foglie lanceolate, non ricordo il suo nome, ma l’ho sempre visto prosperare sui bordi delle ferrovie. Ne spezzavamo i rami più teneri per costruirci la capanna, il nostro rifugio segreto, imbrattandoci le mani del lattice bianco e appiccicoso che sgorgava dalle ferite della pianta e ci impregnava di un odore forte e nauseante che non ho mai dimenticato. Oggi la ferrovia è stata ripristinata, ma la casa e la campagna non ci sono più. Una ligure

Mi ha colpito il testo in questione, perché nel luogo descritto passavo talora anch’io all’epoca: tutto corrisponde! Aggiungo il fascino per me bambino dei segnali ferroviari (antiquati) abbandonati, le spiegazioni di mio padre su alberi (“L’acacia é pericolosa! Tua bisnonna per la puntura di una spina d’acacia nel piede ha dovuto subire l’amputazione dell’arto!”) e su piante, le discese al fiume per bere in foglie verdi e fresche l’acqua sgorgante da polle litoranee. Qualche anno più tardi si andava da quelle parti a tirare quattro calci al pallone: la zona era ancora perfettamente fascinosa e si andava e tornava rasente il corso del Roia per sentirci in piena natura.

Il bel racconto allegato mi restituisce intatta la meraviglia che quei siti in me suscitavano ancor prima della gentile autrice. Solo non ricordo come facesse mio padre a portare sulla canna di una bicicletta da bersagliere me e mio fratello (sì che eravamo piccolini!) sino a bere dalle allora pulitissime acque del Roia, quelle che sgorgavano, come già accennato, tra le erbe profumate di una riva!

Da Saluzzo a Fontane

Tra le carte di famiglia ho di recente trovato una fotografia di un gruppo di persone davanti al Monumento ai Caduti della Grande Guerra di Cuneo, là in trasferta nel 1931 da Alassio, fotografia inviata da un partecipante con tutta probabilità a mio nonno materno.

Cuneo, per noi della Riviera dei Fiori, si può dire molto vicina, sì da sembrare banale diffondersi su memorie personali.

Rinvengo anche una cartolina, da me spedita all’epoca a qualche mio caro, dunque risalente a metà anni ’70, della vicina Boves. Da Wikipedia: “La città di Boves è tra le istituzioni decorate al valor militare per la guerra di Liberazione insignita il 22 luglio 1963 della medaglia d’oro al valor militare e il 16 gennaio 1961 della medaglia d’oro al merito civile per la sua attività nella lotta partigiana durante la seconda guerra mondiale“.

Anche da Boves, non solo da Limone Piemonte, rigorosamente di settembre – prima non avrei potuto fare ferie (ed allora le potevo ancora usufruire non spezzate!) –, sono partito per girovagare per valli, borghi e case isolate, non escluse rapide puntate da amici a Torino. E mi sovviene un certo viaggio in autostop, compiuto ai primi di agosto del 1968, iniziato proprio attraverso località di cui qui sto dicendo!

Uno dei miei primi sconfinamenti nel Cuneese avvenne con una gita scolastica ai tempi delle medie inferiori, quindi, nei primi anni 1960, quando si arrivò sino a Saluzzo per ricalcare qualche orma di Silvio Pellico.

Non vale, certo, il concetto di prossimità per tutte le località della Provincia Granda.

Non ho mai viaggiato molto, per lungo tempo perché bloccato dagli impegni professionali. Oggi mi muovo poco, soprattutto perché miro a soddisfare la mia congenita pigrizia.

Rivedere e ripensare anche ad un passato non lontano geograficamente, come quello rappresentato da località della provincia di Cuneo, mi aiuta a misurare non solo spezzoni di vita, ma anche tanti aspetti di vita sociale e del costume.

Sono tanti ormai, ad esempio, abitanti di quelle zone ad avere casa, in genere seconda casa, su questo lembo occidentale di Liguria. Io stesso sono stato in affitto da persona di Boves, con la quale si finì per diventare amici. E fu emozionante ritrovarsi senza preavviso ad almeno una manifestazione di Partigiani.

Per associazione di idee di Fontane, Frazione di Frabosa Soprana (CN), per via di una ricorrenza, effettuata il 21 ottobre 2013, della guerra partigiana di Liberazione, il cui rilievo morale, civile, storico ritengo fuori discussione, ho un ricordo molto intenso, non solo per il valore morale e storico dell’avvenimento, ma anche per il ritrovarmi tra tante care persone. Un appuntamento preparato con cura e dedizione dall’amico Dantilio Bruno, tuttora Presidente della Sezione A.N.P.I. di Ventimiglia (IM), nato in quei pressi, come racconta in alcuni suoi libri (ed almeno la prefazione di uno di questi l'ho pubblicata anch'io).

Anche quelle volte di Cosio d’Arroscia, ancora in provincia di Imperia, ma in prossimità della parte centro-meridionale della Granda e, quindi, di Frabosa Soprana, volte connotate da quei miei qui preannunciati brevi soggiorni, comportarono, più per le visite che spesso ci venivano fatte che per altro, rapide escursioni ad Ormea, Garessio. Mondovì…

Per non dire della linea ferroviaria Ventimiglia-Cuneo, ripristinata nel 1979, di cui alcuni dei ponti distrutti dai nazisti alla fine della guerra vidi già da bambino.

Forse avrei ancora tanti singoli aspetti, legati in qualche modo a quella provincia, da illustrare prima o poi...

Quando io e Diego a Roma...

Mi torna in mente all'improvviso una mia presenza con Diego a Roma. Era stato per una manifestazione, di cui avevamo anche qualche immagine di gruppo che – tanto per cambiare! – non sono riuscito a rintracciare. C'era anche Alfredo Moreschi, il cui solo pensiero mi indurrebbe ad aprire altre parentesi e, magari, in tema di cortei riprendere a parlare di Milano. Il fatto é che, tornando a quella giornata di ottobre del 1991 – credo! – da cui sono partito, siccome la nostra comitiva andò a mangiare in un posto più o meno a sinistra nell'ultimo scatto, qualche mio fugace commento sui monumenti mi fece guadagnare dal salace, appunto, Alfredo, per la prima volta – come negli anni successivi da parte di altri colleghi, ma, ahimé per loro, in tono serio e convinto! – l'epiteto di... esperto di storia e di arte romane. Ma, forse, se ci ripenso, anche Alfredo non scherzava. Con grande soddisfazione, comunque, di Diego, sempre sensibile alle botte di vita. Perché Diego, di cui mi riprometto di dire di più e di citare, soprattutto se pesco fotografie adeguate, altre similari esperienze condotte insieme, a margine di impegni ufficiali, anche in Costa Azzurra, é la simpatia fatta persona. Poi la memoria difetta a entrambi, per cui, ad esempio, ricordiamo perfettamente di avere assistito circa trent'anni fa in un'afosa notte estiva all'aperto di un bar di Trastevere ad un colorito dialogo, quasi degno di Petrolini, tra tre simpatici emuli di Rugantino, ma non sappiamo oggi riportarne nemmeno mezza battuta. Per non dire delle gentili persone che, casualmente incontrate ad un convegno, invitarono me e Diego ad una simpatica cena all'aperto dalle parti del Gianicolo, nel corso della quale capitò di parlare di personaggi, della nostra provincia o che erano usi a passare qualche vacanza qui da noi in Riviera.

Cabane

Si passava più o meno davanti ad una vecchia casa in pietra per andare da S., un bambino della mia età. Non molto lontando da dove abitava il ramo materno della mia famiglia, come ho già raccontato. A Bordighera (IM), certo. Se d'estate stavo da lei, la nonna, che là per qualche anno (ed ecco forse spiegata la lunga “latitanza” di cui in seguito a questo post) andava a cucire, mi ci portava nella zona richiamata, dove i genitori del mio amico gestivano un'azienda floricola. Ed i fiori, sessant'anni fa, venivano ancora coltivati alla grande dalle nostre parti.

Una cosa singolare, che mi era già capitata poco tempo prima con una cara compagna di scuola delle elementari, é che passarono decenni prima che ci si ritrovasse. E, come nell'altro caso, non sono stato io a riconoscere l'interlocutore, ma il contrario.

Eravamo stati, per così dire, paggetti nel gennaio 1956 al matrimonio di una mia zia materna. Ed ho penato alquanto a ritrovare la foto che documenta questo piccolo, grande avvenimento, ma alla fine ce l'ho fatta e gliel'ho mandata.

In quei lontani ed assolati pomeriggi era una grande avventura scorrazzare con S. in quella campagna. Oggi scomparsa, come sono scomparsi – come mi ha sottolineato in seguito suo cugino – due casolari di antica bellezza, per fare posto in terreni che quella famiglia aveva in affitto a nuove costruzioni.

Un aspetto di cui mi ricordo ora all'improvviso e che mi intrigava molto era contribuire, spostando piccoli arnesi di chiusura, al passaggio dell'acqua irrigua nelle canalette di derivazione al servizio della parte orticola della struttura. E intanto mangiare, crude, gustosissime (allora!) carote novelle!

L'acqua, certo. Il primo aneddoto che ho inteso sottolineare a S. – e lui non se lo ricordava – quando ci siamo rivisti concerne quella volta che ci avventurammo – nessuno dei due sapeva ancora nuotare! – nella grande vasca di raccolta dell'acqua piovana: anche per trovare frescura, ma soprattutto per compiere un'azione proibita, tanto é vero che la nostra prodezza venne individuata e redarguita in seguito al rinvenimento delle nostre mutande bagnate.

Da S. sentii in quei tempi suonare per la seconda volta in vita mia dei dischi, in questo caso a 78 giri, e mi imbattei nel marchio del cane davanti ad un grammofono. Giocai in prima assoluta a Monopoli, il cui esemplare S. conserva ancora.

Singolare ancora che S., mentre io – ripeto – lo avevo perso di vista, negli anni abbia frequentato i miei fratelli...

Non ho perso, invece, il ricordo di com'era la zona qui citata. Là, alle Cabane!

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Advanced use cases

In this part of CLI development series I'll go over some of the more advanced use cases. I've previously discussed general tips for making command line apps nice to use. If you missed that blog post you can find it here.

As use cases grow more complex it makes more and more sense to look for existing solutions and reuse / incorporate them into our own applications. That's why I'll devote more space in this post to highlighting existing projects, as opposed to talking about my own experiences.

Source code generation

One use case where CLIs excel is project scaffolding and code generation. For example of such apps you can take a look at Yeoman and its list of generators. Yeoman itself is oriented towards web development, although its most popular generator JHipster outputs Spring Boot applications. As a side note, if you ever find yourself with some spare time, checking out JHipster is a wonderful way to spend few hours. One more old school example of project scaffolding in Java world are Maven archetypes.

If you look at those examples you will quickly find that they provide rich set of features and customizations. One thing that most dedicated code generation tools have in common is a plugin system that allows users to define their own templates. If code generation is your primary use case, developing a plugin for an existing tool is a good idea. That approach will save you a lot of time and you'll end up with a more polished product.

On the other hand, there are CLIs that offer code generation as an addition to their core features. For example think of init commands in tools like npm or git. Extracting scaffolding features out of these tools and delegating it to dedicated code generations apps would be detrimental to user experience. If you find yourself in a similar situation you should implement code generation within your CLI instead.

Most popular approach to code generation is to treat source files as plain text. In order to generate them you will need a good templating library. I've had to use some clumsy and cumbersome templating libs in legacy projects so I appreciate the importance of picking a library that works for you. One experiment I like to do when evaluating a templating library is to try to make a template for serializing some data structure into a pretty formatted json. Json format has a few tricky rules, like requiring comma after all but the last property, escaping quotes in string values, proper indentation for pretty format etc. If a templating library makes writing json templates enjoyable you'll probably have no problems with source code.

One last trick that can simplify source code generation is running output of your CLI through standard formatters for the language you are generating. This doesn't work if there are competing formatting standards, or if community uses widely different formats. Example of this would be Java world where no two code bases look the same. On the other hand, Go programming language comes with prescribed gofmt formatter that code generation tools use. Having properly formatted source code becomes important when it comes to pull requests and similar situation that require diffing 2 files / versions.

Introspection

Another advanced use case for CLIs is source code analysis. This one is more complicated that source code generation. While generation can be implemented using text manipulation, in order to analyze source code you will generally need to tokenize it and build a syntax tree out of it. This is getting away from templating and into compiler theory.

Fortunately, most modern languages provide tools for introspection of their own source code. So, if you know you'll need to analyze Java code it might be a good idea to write your CLI in Java. You can probably find a library for parsing your language of choice, which you can reuse in your tool.

Problems with this approach arise if you need your tool to analyze multiple languages. One example of this is code editors and IDEs. A common solution for that type of apps is to use Language Server protocol to communicate to dedicated language server implementations. That way the application code is decoupled from language servers which can be implemented for each language. A more advanced example is source{d} engine, an application for source code analysis. Under the hood it is using Babelfish, a universal code parser that can produce syntax trees for various languages. Like LSP, it too has dedicated language drivers executing in separate Docker containers that communicate with a single app server over gRPC.

If your CLI requires analysis of source code from multiple languages you should probably use one of existing solutions. If features of LSP are enough for you that seems like the most widely adopted solution. If you need full flexibility of abstract syntax trees, then Babelfish might be a bit more complex, but more powerful solution.

Text-based UI

You might find that a simple loop of reading the arguments, processing them and outputting results is no longer enough for your use case. Processing can be complex, so you may need to update users on it's progress. You may need extra input from your users. Workflow you are implementing might be complex and require continuous interaction from users. At this point you may need to build a Text-based User Interface (TUI).

Input prompts are the most basic use case. Example of this is how npm init (and may other scaffolding tools) guide users through process of setting up a project. When designing such interactions you should allow for all prompts to be customized with CLI flags, so that command can execute without any prompts. Common pattern for doing this is to add a -y / --yes flag that will automatically accept default options. In doing this you will make your command usable by larger scripts for which user interaction is impractical.

Next up, there's the use case of informing users of the progress of CLI command execution. Modern dependency management tools (again npm is a good example) will display a live progress bar while downloading dependencies. Another example is HTTP load testing tool vegeta. It can dynamically output the progress of a stress test while its running. It also does something interesting: it allows you to pipe its output through a formatter tool to a dedicated plotting terminal application jplot. Jplot then renders live charts in the terminal. This is a good pattern to follow if you need live plotting and don't feel like re-implementing it yourself.

Lastly, there are full-blown TUI applications, starting with “simple” ones like htop and on to the likes of vim and emacs. If you are thinking of building similar TUI apps you should be able to find a framework in your language of choice that can help with laying out your application's UI elements. However, if you are expecting other developers' contribution to your application, it might be a better idea to go with something like a web app UI. That way you will have a larger pool of contributors to attract to your project.

What I did

In the CLI I built for work I implemented some code generation features. For project scaffolding I actually reused an existing parent project that all subsequent ones fork off of. Because of this my init command basically does a shallow git clone of the parent repository.

I also implemented an add commands for generating config and code required to expose a new API endpoints. Since I picked Go for my language I went with standard library's template package. I found it expressive enough to write all my templates and generate properly formatted json, Groovy and Kotlin code. It has just enough features for all my use cases, and not too many as to make it complicated to use. Much like Go language itself, using it was a zen-like experience.

I did not have any use for code analysis or TUI in that particular project. However, I've recently been playing around with termui, a terminal dashboard library also written in Go. It's easy enough to work with, but my use cases are not all that advanced either.

In conclusion

This blog post concludes the series on CLI development. You can find first post that deals with picking the technology and distribution stack here, and general CLI usability tips here. While the series is done, I might have some more thought on CLI development in the future. In case you are interested in this type of content, you can:

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• HONDURAS: BlackBerry Messenger hunde a Tony Hernández – Sus conversaciones fueron intervenidas desde 2004 // Gringos piden en extradición a alto oficial de la Policía Nacional primo de JOH // La empresa familiar más rentable de “Los Hernández” traficar TH a EEUU // UNIVISIÓN: JOH de presidente a Coconspirador” // Abogados de policía hondureño extraditado mencionan a JOH como jefe de su cliente en USA // Actor clave en caso Pandora declara que JOH es el cabecilla de los saqueos en varias instituciones del Estado // L. 1,200 millones entregara la dictadura hondureña a Israel por buque militar // Oficina de Honduras en Israel es en realidad la bodega de un bufete de Abogados // Dictador hondureño usaría oficina en Israel en caso de ser perseguido por Estados Unidos. // Asesinan a presidenta de patronato de comunidad garífuna // La Derecha es un fracaso en todas partes

• ALTO A LAS AGRESIONES CONTRA CUBA

• ¿Qué hay detrás del bloqueo de Twitter a cuentas influyentes de Cuba?

• Nueva tormenta tropical amenaza a las Bahamas y Florida

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• La imagen del día: ¡Aquí no se rinde nadie!

• Chile: Laboratorio del Neoliberalismo

• LA RED GLADIO: «El ‘Stay Behind’, la guerrilla europea de la OTAN», por Rafael Poch // «Las redes estadounidenses de desestabilización y de injerencia», Por Thierry Meyssan

• MANIPULACION IMPERIAL DE DERECHOS HUMANOS Y DEMOCRACIA

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• Ocho empresas acapararon 157 contratos en gobierno anterior

• Urge elegir al representante de los trabajadores en el IESS

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• Se hunde la U estatal de Guayaquil

• Los internos se movilizan por la defensa de sus derechos

• Triunfo de los pobladores en caso río Piatúa

• ¿Quién se opone a la evaluación a la CNJ?

• Huelga de hambre de ex trabajadores de CNEL

• “Groenlandia no está a la venta”

• Crisis política en Paraguay

• Manifestaciones contra Macri

• Barricadas en Santiago

• Entrevista al historiador Francisco Espinosa Maestre: “La represión franquista ha sido blanqueada desde su origen”

• Derrotar con la lucha en las calles

• Gobierno se afirma en el neoliberalismo

• Crédito del BIESS apoyarán a grandes inmobiliarias

• Corte Constitucional debe pronunciarse

• La revolución ecuatoriana es parte de la revolución mundial

• Privatizaciones, tabla de salvación del gobierno

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• Internos rotativos retoman sus exigencias

• Se realizó congreso UNAPE

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• 3er Congreso Provincial de la FESE Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas

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• Paro nacional de maestros

• Trump, Trade and China

• Fukushima’s Radioactive Water Crisis

• The Democrats and the Climate Crisis

• Hot Stuff on the Afghan Peace Deal Snafu

• Spectacles of the Demolition of the Babri Masjid in Uttar Pradesh and the Revocation of the Autonomous Status of Kashmir

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• Saudi oil attacks: US intelligence ‘shows Iran involved’

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• Israeli gov’t okays legalizing Jordan Valley outpost

• Hamas: Efforts being made to support prisoners’ demands

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• US ‘locked and loaded’ after Saudi attack, says Trump

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• Commentary: Constructive interactions pave way for China-U.S. trade talks

• Oil prices soar after attacks on Saudi facilities

• Ukrainian Expert: Gazprom Is Ready to Disconnect Ukraine From Gas

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• Ex-CIA analyst on why he predicted John Bolton’s firing

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• An Object Lesson In Spectacle [Excerpt From the Manufacturing of Greta Thunberg for Consent – Volume II]

• This shit is what passes for economics today…

• German trade fair should stop promoting Azura, groups say

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Marsiglia, invece

All’epoca della mia escursione ad Aubagne, mi sono perso un’occasione preziosa per saperne di più su una “diversa” Marsiglia. In compagnia di una persona dal ragguardevole passato non prestai molta attenzione a quanto di carattere sociale e di costume mi stava dicendo, perché tutto teso a prepararmi e a fare domande, dal medesimo puntualmente ed elegantemente eluse, sui suoi trascorsi di protagonista della Resistenza, anche in Costa Azzurra.

Soprattutto per quanto riguarda La Canebière, la via più famosa di Marsiglia, nella quale volle a tutti i costi recarsi. A me La Canebière sinceramente non é piaciuta, non fosse altro per l’ininterrotto traffico veicolare che la soffoca, ma mi sono meglio reso conto in seguito che da lungo tempo é il salotto della città, nel quale si sono sviluppate un numero incredibile di vicende. E così, pescando a caso nella memoria delle mie letture, posso maldestramente citare gruppi di belle ragazze a passeggio per destare l’ammirazione maschile. In letteratura, invero, Marsiglia é stata teatro o riferimento di tante opere. Credo che Jean-Claude Izzo, dal quale penso di avere tratto le immagini femminili di cui poc’anzi, ne sia stato l’ultimo grande cantore. Avendone già scritto ed essendo abbastanza noto, mi limiterò a lodare in lui, scrittore di noir, il grande cuore cosmopolita.

E l’alberghetto di Marsiglia davanti al quale mi lasciarono, ormai nel cuore della notte, gli anfitrioni che mi avevano accompagnato ad Aubagne fu un po’ come un tocco finale di quella mia lontana “escursione”. A me sembra ancora adesso, per farla breve, tratto di peso da un qualche romanzo dove compare Maigret, con la differenza che io mi trovavo a Marsiglia e non a Parigi. Solita tappezzeria un po’ … trasandata, solito rubinetto che sgocciolava, solita persiana che cigolava al vento, solite voci di donne e uomini: queste cose, nonostante il … mal di testa [si da il caso che tra la guida spericolata di cui avevo detto in un altro post, un mangiare affrettato fatto non so più dove e qualche sorso di grappa (sì a me sembra ancora adesso grappa, mentre in Francia c’é dell’ottimo cognac che é un vero medicinale), servita in precedenza da una cameriera nel bar della “mamma dei legionari”, io da un po’ ormai, ad usare un eufemismo, avevo alquanto di emicrania] me le ricordo, così come mi ricordo di avere dormito ben poco.

Grande emozione mi viene data dalla vicenda della fondazione di Marsiglia ad opera dei Greci di Focea (partiti dall’Asia Minore) e, all’epoca di Alessandro Magno, dal cosiddetto periplo di Pitea, partito dal porto di questa città alla ricerca diretta di ambra e stagno verso ed oltre la Norvegia (l’ultima Thule degli antichi), costeggiando all’andata da occidente le isole britanniche, al ritorno l’attuale Germania. Perché si sa delle espansioni e degli empori degli antichi Massalioti verso l’odierna Spagna, ma anche, trascurando le lotte contro i Liguri, gli Etruschi ed altri popoli, della loro fondazione di Antibes, di Nizza, di Monaco, così vicine al nostro confine.

Mi sembra, tuttavia, doveroso una volta di più lasciare la completezza di informazioni di ordine storiografico a sedi più competenti.

Di o su Marsiglia, ancora. Il racconto dello zio materno (solo ora mi viene in mente che ha lavorato anche là) sulla rudezza, ad usare un eufemismo, della polizia (o gendarmeria) in un banale, banalissimo caso. Ancor prima l’amico di sempre Gianfranco Raimondo (seguitelo su Facebook e nei gruppi che lì ha creato! troverete altri episodi, suoi e di terzi, resi con grande vivacità!) che, in visita dalla zia e già allora appassionato delle due ruote, ne approfitta per salutare all’albergo la squadra italiana (era ancora l’epoca – il 1950, credo! – delle compagni nazionali) di ciclismo (Binda commissario tecnico, Bartali, Magni, ecc), per ritrovarsi illustrato nella foto di gruppo all’uopo pubblicata su famoso quotidiano sportivo come povero bambino italiano emigrato! Più indietro nel tempo la fuga da Marsiglia intorno all’8 settembre 1943 quale fante dell’Armata italiana prima occupante, in quel momento in pieno sbando, nella conversazione di un altro caro conoscente.

Di mio, invece. Il ben noto ventaccio di Marsiglia. In un dicembre di diversi anni fa, in una Marsiglia veramente flagellata, dal sagrato di Notre Dame de la Garde sembrava che l’isolotto d’If venisse, insieme a tutte le memorie del Conte di Montecristo, da un momento all’altro inghiottito dalla furia del mare. La meravigliata sensazione destata dai tanti colori e dai tanti odori dei prodotti (quasi del tutto a me ignoti, a parte datteri e pistacchi) del sud del Mediterraneo, esposti nelle bancarelle di negozietti nelle strette vie vicine al Porto Vecchio. L’emozione ancestrale davanti alla stele che ricorda Pitea (e ad altri similari lacerti di storia), soprattutto!

Катало́г (рос. каталог, англ. catalogue, нім. Katalog m) — список, перелік книг, карт, рукописів, картин тощо, складений у певному порядку, щоб полегшити їхній пошук. Розрізняють алфавітний та систематичний каталоги. Синоніми: реєстр, список.

Як на комп´ютері поставити наголос? Просто, копіюєм ( Ctrl+C ) та вставляєм ( Ctrl+V ) символ з наголосом з таблиці символів!

Багатостраждальне слово — Каталóг! Чому 100% людей при вимові робить наголос на другий склад? Є в мене одна теорія про це! Вона зовсім не претендує на правдивість, але! Має право на існування. Всі ми з дитинства любили читати, і ходили до різних бібліотек! Ні кому і в голову не приходило, назвати бібліотечний Каталóг, якось інакше. Йшли роки й, світ потрошки змінювався, з вільного заходу, до Радянського Союзу почали крадькома, привозити товстелезні брошури журнали. З гарними при гарними фотографіями товарів які можна було придбати на замовлення. Не вірилося, що таке взагалі можливе, придбання товарів на замовлення, без черг та знайомств. Після сірого, одноманітного совкового універмагу, це дуже псувало нам настрій, мені так точно, своїми гарними, кольоровими фотографіями, в гарно оформлених, таких різнобарвних та різноманітних товарів. Так от ці журнали всі стали вперто називати катáлогами з наголосом на другий склад. Щоб не дай Боже не сплутати їх з бібліотечним реквізитом! Гарні були малюнки! Фотографії нижньої жіночої білизни… Та й все там було гарне, нам не знайоме. Багатьом речами й не придумали б застосування.

Я думаю, що через те, що зараз в бібліотеку ніхто не ходить, як їм знати як вірно вимовляти, це звичайне як на мене слово. От така в мене теорія.

Наступне слово — болгарка (шліфувальний, обрізний електро інструмент)

P.S. У Wikipedia описана моя теорія, це говорить про дві речі: перше, — я правий, друге, — посту про Болгарку не буде.

Вивчаємо українську

Українські коти нявкають, а не мявкають! Свині рохкають Поросята кувікають Гуси не гоготять а ґелґотять, герготять, гегекають чи джеркотять. Качки не крякають, а кахкають. Крякають в нас ворони (каркають теж!):

Тобі зозуля навесні Кувала щастя, а мені Вороння каркало сумне, — Забудь мене, забудь мене…

Курки кудкудакають. Наш соловейко тьохкає, а сороки стрекочуть. Горобці цвірінькають, жайворонки, ластівки щиглі щебечуть. Їжак чмихає. Коні іржуть і форкають. Жаби квакають та кумкають. Великі собаки гавкають, а цуцики дзявкають (як і лисиці).

Дитячі спогади

Не кожний зможе похвалитись, що у нього в садочку був міні зоопарк, та в цьому зоопарку, жив ведмідь. Уявляєте собі, справжній живий ведмідь. У подвійній клітці, в жахливих умовах, жив собі ведмедик. Мені його було дуже шкода, я завжди просив батьків купити йому якісь солодощі, краще цукерки. Після садочка, коли батьки мене забирали додому, ми йшли разом до клітки, та годували його цукерками. Він нас вже чекав, та дуже радів моїй появі. Я дуже не любив садочок, йшов до нього через не хочу, знаходив купу причин, щоб не йти. Я готовий був цілий день бути сам, сидіти у квартирі, тільки б лишитися вдома. Єдина причина, з якою я погоджувався, «А як же там ведмідь? Без тебе? Він буде сумувати.» Ми ввечері принесемо йому цукерків. Приходилося вдягатися та йти. Пам'ятаю як зараз, його радість, коли він бачив мене з цукерками. Тільки побачить здалека, встає на задні липи, хитається як танцює. Коли я трішечки подорослішав, батьки домовились з вихователями що мене будуть відпускати самого додому. Цукерки, приносити не було кому. Та й не пускали дітей самих до ведмедя. Наші зустрічі відбувалися все рідше. Пізніше ведмідь десь пропав. То б то я не знав куди він подівся. Клітка була порожня.

Пройшло декілька років, а в дитинстві це дуже тривалий термін. Я ще подорослішав. Почав гуляти не тільки біля будинку де жив, відбувалося вивчення території, що разу далі від хати. Та одного разу, занесло нас, мене та ще декількох приятелів в парк Погулянка. Там де зараз залишилися руїни винного заводу, через дорогу ближче до струмочка, так само був невеличкий зоопарк. Там було може 6-10 кліток, не пам'ятаю вже хто там вже був у тому зоопарку. Не про те мова. Був серед мешканців зоопарку і ведмідь. Він сидів, та ні на кого не звертав уваги. Коли ведмідь побачив мене, піднявся та почав хитатися тримаючись за клітку, пританцьовуючи. Я ледве стримував сльози. Невже це був він? Мій ведмедик? Цукерків в мене з собою не було. Я просто подивився на нього, він на мене. Я ледь не пустив сльозу, мені здалось, що ведмедик так само ледь стримував сльози. Більше ми не бачились. Зоопарк теж десь зник і з Погулянки. Не сумуй мій ведмедику я тебе пам'ятаю.

Command line citizen

Continuing with series on development of command line tools, this week I'll look into more practical tips for making a CLI app that's nice to use. If you missed the first part where I discussed picking the language for your app you can find it here. Like I mentioned in the first post, what follows are just some of my own opinions, tips and tricks.

Arguments and flags

On the most basic level users interact with your app by invoking commands and sub-commands, and by passing arguments and flags to them. Maintaining a consistent and intuitive set of commands, arguments and flags makes for a better user experience. Here are a few to keep in mind when defining them:

1. Keep command names short and intuitive. They should be easy to remember. You can define several aliases for the same command. For example you can make both new and init commands do the same thing.

2. Provide helpful error message in case user attempts to invoke a non existing command. A good example of this is how git will suggest similar sounding alternative:

   $ git stats
   git: 'stats' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.
       
   The most similar command is
       status
   

3. Define a short version for commonly used flags. One convention is to use double dash for full name and single dash for short name. Also, you can group short flags behind a single dash. For example docker run -it image is same as docker run --interactive --tty image.

4. For extra credits add auto-completion support. Covering bash and perhaps zsh can make most of your users happy.

Common commands

There are some commands that many CLIs could benefit from. One example is a help command that exposes the documentation from within the app itself. Another one is version. Try to keep consistent format for the version number. Semantic versioning is always a good option.

If there's some kind of project setup, like scaffolding of new project or initialization of CLI configuration files, automate that with an init command. Examples of this include git init and npm init.

In case your CLI requires some specific setup on the local machine for some or all of its functions, it's a good idea to build a doctor command that verifies the local setup and offers instructions for fixing it. For examples check out npm doctor and flutter doctor. I've found that giving users a diagnostic tool like that makes supporting your CLI way easier.

Providing help

Regardless of how logically laid out the CLI commands seem to you, your users will manage to get lost. Having an always present and accessible help system helps with that. Make sure that every command supports the --help flag.

Get into a habit of writing help documentation for your commands. Think of it in same way you think of tests. Your command is not done without it. I find it interesting to use a documentation first approach and write the docs before implementation. Document, implement, refactor loop works well too. Docs don't have to be super detailed or cover all the features from the start. You can add details as your command develops, and you can go back and rephrase parts of it later. The trick is to have some docs from the beginning, and keep iterating on them.

When it comes to presentation, make sure help is accessible from the CLI itself. Depending on platform your users may expect docs to be available in a dedicated format as well. For example man pages on Linux. You might also want to package your docs as markdown and include it in your git repository. Most git servers like GitHub, GitLab and Bitbucket will nicely render markdown files. If that's not enough you can go one step further with dedicated GitHub wiki or a GitHub pages page.

When it's time to quit

By now your users can find their way around your well structured commands, and thy know where to look for help. They are happily using your tool, until they encounter some long running CLI process and they decide to quit. When that time comes, try not to turn your app into an Internet meme:

I've been using VIM for about 2 years now, mostly because I can't figure out how to exit it.

Average VIM user

You should listen to kill signals from the OS (like SIGINT and SIGTERM) and handle them by terminating your app. Perform any cleanup you need, like flushing files and stopping background processes, but make sure app exits in the end.

Miscellaneous tips

A few more random tips:

1. Provide a global flag for controlling output verbosity level. No-one likes overly chatty apps, but having no debugging output when something goes wrong is worse. Add --verbose flag to all of your commands so your users can pick level they need.

2. Provide users with a way to format the CLI output. Tabulated format is nice for showing results in a terminal. However, piping results to another command would benefit from more straightforward, simpler formatting. For an example of rich formatting support take a look at docker formatting.

3. Allow users to define commonly used settings and flags in a configuration file. If your use-case revolves around working with individual projects, add support for project-level configuration, like git does.

What I did

Taking care of all the things mentioned above gets easier if you start with a feature rich framework. For my needs I picked Cobra, a well established library in the Go community. It's used by Docker, Kubernetes and etcd, to name a few. Other languages / ecosystems will have other popular frameworks. Take time to find one that fits your needs and coding style. You can often find them by looking at popular CLI tools written in a given language. For example, Heroku CLI is a Node app, and uses the oclif framework.

Next up

That wraps up the discussion of general patterns for making CLIs that are nice to use. In the next post of the series I'll go into more advanced use cases that CLI tools are good for. If that sounds interesting, you might want to:

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